12.3 - 12.4 Flashcards
Domestication
the deliberate effort to grow plants and raise animals, making plants and animals adapt to human demands and using selective breeding to develop desirable characteristics
1st stage on the demographic transition model
Foragers
small nomadic groups who had primarily plant-based diets and ate small animals or fish for protein. Also known as hunters and gatherers (Stage “0” of the demographic transitions model)
Agricultural hearth
an area where different groups began to domesticate plants and animals
Ex. Fertile Crescent
The Fertile Crescent
The first hearth of domestication which got it’s name because of the arc that it forms
Columbian Exchange
the exchange of goods and ideas between the Americas, Europe, and Africa that began after Christopher Columbus landed in the Americas in 1492.
COLUMBian = COLUMBus
First Agricultural Revolution
the shift from foraging for food to farming about 11,000 years ago, marking the beginning of agriculture
Second Agricultural Revolution
a change in farming practices, marked by new tools and techniques, that diffused from Britain and the Low Countries starting in the early 18th century more yield from crops, advances in fertilizers
Enclosure system
a system in which communal lands were replaced by farms owned by individuals, and use of the land was restricted to the owner or tenants who rented the land from the owner
Third Agricultural Revolution
a shift to further mechanization in agriculture through the development of new technology and advances that began in the early 20th century and continues to the present-day
Genetically modified organisms
(GMOs) a plant or animal with specific characteristics obtained through the manipulation of its genetic makeup
Green Revolution
movement beginning in the 1950s and 1960s in which scientists used knowledge of genetics to develop new high-yield strains of grain crops
GREEN revolution = GREEN thumb = MORE yield
