Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

Organisation

A

CNS
- brain
-spinal chord
PNS
- sensory system
- somatic system
- autonomic system
- enteric
- sympathetic
- parasympathetic

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2
Q

Autonomic organisation contains….

A

Contains all motor outputs from the CNS apart from those to skeletal muscles

Pathways contains 2 neurones in series:
- pre ganglionic neurone - cell body in CNS and synapse in the automnic ganglion
- post ganglionic neurone - cell body in autonomic ganglion and synpase with the effector organ

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3
Q

Role of sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems

A

Regulating the internal environment

Function is to maintain homeostasis

Control cardiac function, endo/exorine glands

Sympathetic = fight or flight
Parasympathetic = rest and digest

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4
Q

What does sympathetic do on organs……

A

Heart rate -> increase
Force of contraction -> increse
Blood vessels body -> constrict
Blood vessels skeletal -> dilate
Blood pressure -> increase
Bronchi smooth muscles-> constrict
Gut motility -> decrease
Bladder -> relax/fill
Pupil -> dialte
Renin secretion -> decrease
Glucose generation -> increase
Exocrine Gand secretion - no effect

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5
Q

What does parasympathetic do on organs……

A

Heart rate -> decrease
Force of contraction -> decrease
Blood vessels body -> no effect
Blood vessels skeletal -> constrict
Blood pressure -> derease
Bronchi smooth muscles-> relax
Gut motility -> increase
Bladder -> contract/empty
Pupil -> constrict
Renin secretion -> increased
Glucose generation -> decreased
Exocrine Gand secretion -> secrete

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6
Q

2 major neurotransmitters of ANS

A

Acetylcholine - at target organ for parasympathetic nervous system

Noradrenaline - at target organ for sympathetic nervous system

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7
Q

Dw

A

Acts at 2 receptor subtypes in the ANS:

  • Nicotinic receptors
    - Ligand-gated ion channels activated by acetylcholine
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8
Q

Noradrenaline

A

Acts at adrenoreceptors which are all GPCR’s

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9
Q

2 subtypes of adrenoreceptors

A

Alpha and beta

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10
Q

Where is synthesis of acetylcholine and what

A

Pre-synaptic terminal

Simple pathway:
Acetyl coA+choline —choline acetyltransferase —> acetylcholine + coA

CoA goes back to the start again

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11
Q

Acetylcholine once synthesised

A

Taken into synaptic vesicles by a specific transporter in the vesicle membrane

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12
Q

Acetylcholine released by

A

exocytosis after an action potential

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13
Q

Acetylcholine broken down by

A

down in the syaptic cleft by the action of acetylcholinesterase into Choline + acetate

Choline is taken back into pre-synaptic thermal by a choline transporter

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14
Q

Acetylcholine acts as 2 subtypes of receptor:

A

•Nicotinic receptors are ligand-gated ion channels (ionotropic receptor) - activated by acetylcholine

•Muscarinic receptors are G protein-coupled receptors (metabotropic receptor) - activated by acetylcholine

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15
Q

What happens to salivary gland secretion is a muscarinic antagonist is used

A

Decrease in excretion

Parasympathetic usually increases it but if have antagonist at muscarinic ecepots; blocks it so less secretion

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16
Q

What happens to HR if a muscarinic agonist is used

A

Acetylene choline slows HR so it would also decrease HR

17
Q

What is muscarinic agonist

A

Mimic action of acetylcholine on muscarinic receptors

18
Q

What is a muscrinic antagonist

A

Block binding of acetylcholine

19
Q

What happens o blood vessel smooth muscle if a drug is used that causes noradrenaline release

A

Noradrenaline increases BP so would constrict