Concussion Sequelae Flashcards

1
Q

catecholamine surge from a second impact to the head/body that causes vascular congestion, cerebral edema, increase ICP, and leads to coma or death

A

second impact syndrome

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2
Q

what are post-traumatic headaches and post-traumatic epilepsy associated with?

A

post-concussion syndrome

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3
Q

progressive degenerative disease of the axons and tau found in repeated concussions

A

chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE)

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4
Q

when do symptoms typically begin in CTE?

A

8-10 yrs after repetitive mild TBIs

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5
Q

a patient presents with decrease in attention, headaches, memory loss, erratic behavior, dementia, aphasia, and tremors. what do they likely have?

A

chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE)

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6
Q

what 2 things can give a definitive diagnosis of CTE?

A

direct tissue exam
immunohistochemical analysis

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7
Q

what are 2 risk factors for post-concussion syndrome?

A

older
females

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8
Q

what events is PCS more common in?

A

accidental stressful/traumatic injury

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9
Q

more PCS patients than the general population have: (2)

A

psych predispositions
psych comorbidity

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10
Q

a patient presents with headache within 7 days of injury, dizziness, mood changes, and loss of concentration/memory that was worse right after the injury but has since gotten better. diagnosis?

A

post-concussion syndrome

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11
Q

what should we do with any patient with concussion who does not have resolution of symptoms within 7-10 days?

A

referral to neuro

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12
Q

what imaging can be done for a patient with possible PCS?

A

brain MRI to exclude other causes

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13
Q

what is the most important part of management of PCS?

A

education/reassurance

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14
Q

what is the treatment for post traumatic headache syndromes? (2)

A

same as migraine/tension type

NSAID + triptan

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15
Q

what 2 drugs can be used to prevent post traumatic headache syndrome?

A

amitriptyline
propranolol

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16
Q

when are symptoms and disability the worst in patients with PCS?

A

within the first 7-10 days

17
Q

when do symptoms improve in patients with PCS?

A

at one month

18
Q

when are most patients recovered from PCS?

A

3 months

19
Q

disabling symptoms of PCS that persist after several months to a year

A

persistent PCS