Animal Development Quiz

Question 1

What are the five stages of development?

Answer 1

1. Fertilization
2. Cleavage
3. Blastulation
4. Gastrulation
5. Neurulation
6. Organogenesis

Question 2

What are the two types of yolk distribution?

Answer 2

vegetal pole and animal pole

Question 3

What is vegetal pole?

Answer 3

end of egg where most yolk is concentrated

Question 4

What is animal pole?

Answer 4

end of egg where the least yolk is concentrated, cells divide more rapidly here

Question 5

What are the two types of cleavage?

Answer 5

holoblastic and meroblastic

Question 6

What is a holoblastic cleavage?

Answer 6

the whole zygote divides, low amount of yolk, ex sea star, mollusks, and flatworms

Question 7

What is a meroblastic cleavage?

Answer 7

part of zygote divides, high amount of yolk, ex. fish, reptiles, birds

Question 8

What are the two stages of blastulation?

Answer 8

morula and blastula

Question 9

How many cells are in a morula?

Answer 9

16-32 cells

Question 10

How many cells are in a blastula?

Answer 10

64 cells

Question 11

What is a blastula?

Answer 11

a hollow sphere of cells, same size as zygote, and center cavity=blasocoel

Question 12

What are the two types of egg?

Answer 12

isolecithal and telolecithal

Question 13

What is a isolecithal egg?

Answer 13

small amounts of yolk, evenly distributed, ex. sea star

Question 14

What is a telolecithal egg?

Answer 14

large amount of yolk, concentrated at one end, ex. chicken and frog

Question 15

Why do cells divide more rapidly at the animal pole?

Answer 15

because the yolk does not divide, cells divide around the yolk, which there is more space for that to occur at the end with less yolk (animal pole)

Question 16

What occurs during gastrulation?

Answer 16

migration and specialization of cells, blastula–> gastrula, formation of germ layers, archenteron forms, multi-layered embryo

Question 17

What is a archenteron?

Answer 17

primitive gut, which opens to the outside via blastopore

Question 18

What is a protostomes?

Answer 18

the archenteron eventually becomes the mouth of the organism

Question 19

What is a deuterostomes?

Answer 19

the archenteron eventually becomes the anus of the organism

Question 20

What occurs during neurulation?

Answer 20

chordates only, neural plate forms from ectoderm, forms neurula (development of notochord, neural tube, and coelom), neural tube becomes CNS

Question 21

What are the three germ layers?

Answer 21

endoderm, mesoderm, ectoderm

Question 22

What is the endoderm?

Answer 22

(inside) intestine, esophagus

Question 23

What is the mesoderm?

Answer 23

(middle) muscle, heart

Question 24

What is the ectoderm?

Answer 24

(outside) skin, nervous system

Question 25

What occurs during organogenesis?

Answer 25

development of organs and shapes the organism

Question 26

What five anatomical terms do we need to know for the chicken embryo?

Answer 26

geminal disc (becomes the chicken), yolk (feeds the chicken), chalaza (holds the yolk in equilibrium), vitelline membrane (holds yolk together), and thick and thin albumen

Question 27

Characteristics of organogenesis:

Answer 27

48 hour or 96 hour, the brain, eye, ear, heart, somites, and vitelline blood vessels can be identified

Question 28

Characteristics of neuralation:

Answer 28

24 hour, the brain, somites, neural tube, and primitive streak can be identified