Imaging

Question 1

Which parts of the heart and its adjacent vessels form the outline on a radiograph?

Answer 1

1) SVC
2) R pulmonary artery
3) RA
4) RV
5) LV
6) LA (+LA appendage)
7) Main pulmonary artery
8) Aortic arch

Question 2

How is cardiomegaly determined with a X-ray?

Answer 2

Transverse diameter of heart/transverse diameter of thorax >0.55

Question 3

What are 6 radiographic features of CHF?

Answer 3

1) Cardiomegaly
2) Dilated pulmonary veins
3) Upper lobe diversion (upper pulmonary veins preferentially enlarged)
4) Interstitial edema (kerley A/B)
5) Alveolar oedema (“bat-wing” consolidation)
6) Bilateral pleural effusions

Question 4

What is the main difference between kerley A and B lines?

Answer 4

A: long lines in upper lobes towards hilum
B: short peripheral perpendicular lines in lower lobes

Question 5

How would an atrial septal defect appear on X-ray?

Answer 5

Heart would show dilated right heart chambers and pulmonary arteries

Question 6

How would mitral stenosis appear on X-ray?

Answer 6

Grossly dilated LA and LAA with features of CHD

Question 7

How would pericardial effusion appear on X-ray?

Answer 7

Water bottle heart