ICAM M1

Question 1

Integration of Traditional Medicine in PHC

Answer 1

Historical Developments in ICAM (GLOBAL)
* 1978: Alma Ata Declaration on Primary Health Care (PHC)

Question 2

Historical Developments in ICAM (GLOBAL) in 1999

Answer 2

US Congress established the National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM) in the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Bethesda, Maryland.

Question 3

Philippine Experience in ICAM in Mid-70’s

Answer 3

Private physicians started training in acupuncture in China

Question 4

Philippine Experience in ICAM in Early 1980’s

Answer 4

DOH physicians trained acupuncture in China; herbal medicine production started

Question 5

Philippine Experience in ICAM in 1993-95

Answer 5

DOH established the Traditional Medicine Unit which promoted the use of medicinal plants, acupuncture and therapeutic massage

Question 6

Complementary and alternative medicine is a group of diverse medical and health care systems, practices, and products that are not presently considered to be part of conventional medicine.

Answer 6

National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine - National Institutes of Health (NCCAM-NIH)

Question 7

CAM is a broad domain of healing resources that encompasses all health systems, modalities and practice and their accompanying theories and beliefs, other than those intrinsic to the politically dominant health systems of a particular society or culture in a given historical period.

Answer 7

Cochrane Collaboration

Question 8

The scope of alternative health care modalities as other forms of non-allopathic, occasionally non-indigenous or imported healing methods, though not necessarily practiced for centuries nor handed down from one generation to another.

Answer 8

PITAHC R.A. 8433

Question 9

6 Examples of CAM in general to specific

Answer 9

• Traditional Chinese Medicine
  o yin-yang; 5 element law; acupuncture, acupressure, moxibustion, tuina, medicinal plants, chi- gong, tai chi, animal and mineral medicine
• Ayurveda
  o humours (vata-pita-kapha), yoga, meditation, fasting, purification, medicinal plants, aromatic oils, urine therapy
• European
  o homeopathy, iridology, health spa, psychic healing, Swedish massage, orthomolecular, anthroposopy, macrobiotics
• North American
  o chiropractic, osteopathy, prayer healing, nutraceuticals, music therapy, color therapy, chelation, biofeedback, native American medicine
• Asian
  o reiki, shiatzu, Kampo medicine, reflexology, Zen meditation, Buddhist meditation, Thai massage, Tibetan medicine, kalimasada
• Filipino
  o herbal medicines, hilot sa pilay, hilot sa panganganak, psychic surgery, biomagnetic healing, pasma, usog, babaylan, mumbaki, spiritual healing, bentosa, tawas, hiyang

Question 10

5 Classification of CAM Modalities general to specific

Answer 10

• Biological therapies
  o herbal medicine, aromatherapy, dietary therapies
   Herbal products
   Probiotics
   Vitamins
• Manipulation therapies
  o acupuncture, massage, reflexology, chiropractic, osteopathy
   Chiropractic manipulation
   Osteopathic manipulation
   Massage
• Mind-Body interventions
  o meditation, hypnotherapy, prayer, spiritual healing, imaging, visualization
   Meditation
   Hypnosis
   Yoga
• Energy therapy
  o pranic healing, reiki, crystals, bio-magnetic healing
   Spiritual Healing
   Qi do
   Distant healing
• Alternative systems
  o traditional Chinese medicine, Ayurveda, Yunani-Tibb, naturopathy, homeopathy

Question 11

• Disease-oriented;
• Understanding the person physically (anatomy, histology, biochemistry, physiology, pathology etc)

Answer 11

Concepts of Health, Well-Being, Wellness and Illness
Biomedical or Conventional Medicine Definition circa 1878-1978

Question 12

• It is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity

Answer 12

W.H.O Definition of Health 1978

Question 13

is the state of harmony, balance and synergy between humankind and the universe, between humankind and the environment, between and among humankind and within the human body, mind and soul. (J.Z. Galvez Tan from interviews with hundreds of traditional healers)

Answer 13

Filipino Definition of Health and Wellness

Question 14

• Is a healing-oriented medicine that account of the whole person, including all aspects of lifestyle.
• often brings conventional and complementary approaches together in a coordinated way.

Answer 14

Integrative or Holistic Medicine

Question 15

6 Dimensions of wellness

Answer 15

 Environmental
 Emotional
 Intellectual
 Physical
 Social
 Spiritual

Question 16

• Republic Act 8423 established the Philippine Institute for Traditional and Complementary

Answer 16

Philippine Institute for Traditional and Complementary Health Care (PITAHC)

Question 17

• to improve the quality and delivery of health care services to the Filipino people through the development of traditional and alternative health care and its integration into the national health care delivery system“.

Answer 17

MANDATE

Question 18

The increase in usage of CAM indicates growing prevalence of:

Answer 18

• Self-medication
• Self-management
• Patient autonomy
• desire to manage health conditions with a natural or holistic approach

Question 19

Role of the Pharmacist in CAM Practices

Answer 19

1. Pharmacists help patients use CAM appropriately and safely;
2. Pharmacists discuss the adverse drug events, and report them appropriately
3. Pharmacists need to educate patients about CAM and its potential benefits and risks.
4. Pharmacists approach to CAM needs to be collaborative in nature, and they need to work with health care professionals.