Evolutionary Theory Review Flashcards
What is the unit called which makes up DNA?
Nucleotides
What are nucleotides made of?
A sugar group, a phosphate, and one of four nitrogen bases
What part of meiosis is most like mitosis? Explain.
Meiosis 2, both Mitosis and Meiosis 2 have sister chromatids.
What is a homologous pair and where do they come from
A pair of chromosomes containing the same genes. One homologous comes from the male parent and one from the female
Explain what a sister chromatid is.
Identical copies of a single chromosome that are attached to eachother. They are duplicated.
What are genes and where do you find them?
Genes are responsible for producing the proteins that run everything in our bodies. They are in the chromosome which is made up of DNA, molecules that contain genetic info
How are sister chromatids different from a homologous pair?
Sister chromatids are identical copies of a single chromosome. Homologous pairs are similar in shape and size but have different versions.
Explain what separates in a cell during Meiosis 1 and what is separating in during Meiosis 2?
In Meiosis 1, Homologous pairs of cells are separated into chromosomes. In Meiosis 2 the chromosomes separate into Sister chromatids.
What are different variations of a gene called?
An allele
The genes that are present in our chromosomes are collectively called what?
Genome
How these genes are expressed or seen is called our…
Phenotype
How many alleles for each gene are present in a gamete (sex cell)?
One allele
What is the term used to describe the number of chromosomes in a cell?
Haploid number
Explain how changing a nucleotide in your DNA can lead to evolution
If a trait is advantageous and helps the individual survive and reproduce
What are three examples of a phenotypic characteristic?
Height, eye colour, and blood type
Where would you find the alleles for a particular genetic trait, such as eye colour?
In homologous pairs/corresponding pairs
How many cells are produced during each stage of meiosis?
Two cells in Meiosis 1, 4 cell in Meiosis 2.
How many daughter cells are produced during meiosis?
Four daughter cells