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Bio 11 > Microbiology Bacteria > Flashcards

Microbiology Bacteria Flashcards

1
Q

Function of cell membrane

A

Thin flexible membrane which regulates the movement of molecules into and out of the cell

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2
Q

Function of Cytoplasm

A

Fluid component of a cell. Contains DNA, ribosomes, and organic compounds. It facilitates movement within the cell and chemical reactions

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3
Q

Function of nucleoid region

A

An area containing a circular strand of DNA (full genome). This DNA contains information essential for life and reproduction

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4
Q

Function of ribosome

A

Site of protein synthesis, found suspended in the cytoplasm

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5
Q

Function of plasmid

A

Single ring of DNA which can replicates independently of the DNA in the nucleioid region. It contains genetic information not essential for life

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6
Q

Function of capsule

A

It’s a protective outer layer. It protects bacteria from toxic compounds and desiccation and allows them to adhere to surfaces and to escape the immune system of the host

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7
Q

Function of endospore

A

Intracellular spores which form in response to harsh environmental conditions. They have a resistant coating or wall, which protects the dormant cell until conditions improve. Only members of domain bacteria form them

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8
Q

Function of pilus

A

Assists in attaching to other surfaces and aids in genetic recombination during conjugation( connects 2 bacteria together so that genetic information can be transferred

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9
Q

Function of Flagellum

A

If present, there can be one or many, it’s whip like motion causes movement of the cell

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10
Q

Function of cell wall

A

Rigid non living layer which protects the cell and gives it shape and support. In domain bacteria it contains peptidoglycan

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11
Q

What is the function of a methanogen and where do they live?

A

Produce methane as a metabolic byproduct, live in anaerobic environments(no O2)

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12
Q

Where do thermophiles or thermoacidiphiles live?

A

In extremely hot(over 90 degrees) and acidic pH 2 water

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13
Q

Where do extreme halophiles live?

A

They live in very salty environments

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14
Q

What are the three bacterial shapes and names?

A

Cocci(spherical), bacilli (rod shaped), spirilla (corkscrew shape)

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15
Q

In bacteria colonies there are three types what are they?

A

Diplo, meaning two bacteria stuck together. Strepto meaning a chain or a filament. Staphlo, meaning a cluster or sheets

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16
Q

What is binary fission?

A

It’s a form of asexual reproduction, DNA replicates then DNA copies go to opposite ends of the cell and then invagination of the cell membrane occurs then synthesis of a new cell wall and the result is 2 genetically similar daughter cells.

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17
Q

What is conjugation?

A

Bacteria’s version of sexual reproduction. A long bridge or pili forms between 2 bacteria, one with a donor and one without (recipient), a whole or partial plasmid is transferred from the donor to the recipient

18
Q

What is endospore formation?

A

When conditions for growth are unfavourable bacteria will produce an endospore within the cell and become dormant

19
Q

What is a Heterotroph

A

Heterotroph bacteria derive energy from organic compounds. They decompose dead and decaying plants and animal remnants and help in biodegration, this happens outside the cell(extracellular digestion)

20
Q

What’s the function of an autotroph?

A

Produce their organic compounds from inorganic materials such as CO2

21
Q

What is a photoautotroph?

A

Use photosynthesis to produce compounds that can be used as energy for other organisms or itself

22
Q

What is Cyanobacteria?

A

Green blue algae, they contain chlorophyll used in photosynthesis and it produces 20% of the oxygen in the biosphere

23
Q

What the function of a chemoautotroph?

A

Aquire nutrients through chemosynthesis, inorganic material is synthesized into new compounds(food) and it can be used as energy for other organisms or itself

24
Q

What is a symbiotic relationship?

A

Symbiosis is a relationships between organisms of two different species living in close physical proximity

25
Q

What are the three types of symbiotic relationships?

A

Mutualism, commensalism and parasitism

26
Q

What is mutualism?

A

A symbiotic relationship in which both organisms benefit

27
Q

What is commensalism?

A

One organism benefits(+) and the other gets nothing(0) but is not harmed

28
Q

What is parasitism?

A

A symbiotic relationship when one organism benefits(+) and the other is harmed(-)

29
Q

What the function of an antiseptic?

A

They inhibit microbe growth or destroy them, they do not cause harm to the living tissue and are used in wounds, cuts, infections and affected skin

30
Q

What is the function of a disinfectant?

A

They destroy microbes, causes harm to living tissue and they are used to disinfect bathrooms, drains and floors

31
Q

What is the function of an antibiotic?

A

Are substances produced by microorganisms that kills or inhibits the growth of other microorganisms such as bacteria

32
Q

What is the function of decomposers?

A

Break down dead and decaying matter, releasing carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus among other things, back into the environment for plants to use

33
Q

What is the Zone of Inhibition?

A

The zone of inhibition is the area around each antibiotic disc where the bacteria can’t grow.

34
Q

What is the function of a producer?

A

They are the basis of food chains and food webs, cause detrimental blooms in lakes and ponds and have a key role in the nitrogen cycle as N-Fixers

35
Q

What is the function of a producer?

A

They are the basis of food chains and food webs, cause detrimental blooms in lakes and ponds and have a key role in the nitrogen cycle as N-Fixers

36
Q

What does the Zone of Inhibition do?

A

the zone around the antibiotic disc that doesn’t let more grow on it, the larger the zone the more effective the antibiotic is on this type of bacteria.

37
Q

where are probiotics found?

A

oral & intestinal cavities

38
Q

What do Pathogens do?

A

Cause disease in plants and animals

39
Q

What are Pathogens used for?

A

pest control

40
Q

What do Probiotics do to pathogens and toxin producing bacteria?

A

slows the growth

Bio 11 (12 decks)

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