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Rakeem's Endocrinology > Hyperparathyroidism > Flashcards

Hyperparathyroidism Flashcards

1
Q

Define hyperparathyroidism

A

Increased PTH production from the parathyroid glands, resulting in hypercalcaemia

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2
Q

describe primary hyperparathyroidism

A

Uncontrolled PTH release from a parathyroid tumour.

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3
Q

describe secondary hyperparathyroidism

A

Chronic Kidney Disease or insufficient Vitamin D results in decreased calcium absorption so more PTH is released to increase serum Calcium.

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4
Q

describe tertiary hyperparathyroidism

A

Continues from Secondary Hyperparathyroidism after an extended period. The parathyroid glands undergo hyperplasiaand are now accustomed to releasing high amounts of PTH, even after being treated.

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5
Q

what is a complication of hyperparathyroidism?

A

Acute Severe Hypercalcaemia

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6
Q

what are the risk factors for primary hyperparathyroidism? ( + epidemiology)

A

-Female
-Radiation therapy to the neck.
-Severe Vit D or Calcium deficiencies
-Familial Rare Conditions: MEN1 and 2A

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7
Q

describe the physiology behind PTH (what does increased PTH result in)

A

-Increased Calcium reabsorption
-Increased osteoclast activity
-Increased Vitamin D activity
-Decreased phosphate reabsorption

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8
Q

what investigations take place for hyperparathyroidism?

A

-Bloods
-DEXA Scan for bone density
-X-Ray to check for Kidney Stones
-U+E to assess renal function
-Short QT on ECG

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9
Q

what are the symptoms for hyperparathyroidism?

A

Bones – Excess resorption, osteopenia
Stones – Kidney Stones
Groans – Abdominal pain, constipation
Moans – Confusion, Anxiety
Thrones – Polyuria, Polydipsia

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10
Q

what are the symptoms for hyperparathyroidism the same as?

A

hypercalcaemia

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11
Q

what treatment is given for primary hyperparathyroidism?

A

– Surgically remove tumour

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12
Q

what treatment is given for secondary hyperparathyroidism?

A

– Treat underlying causes

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13
Q

what treatment is given for tertiary hyperparathyroidism?

A

– Surgically remove parathyroid tissue/glands

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14
Q

in primary hyperparathyroidism what would your PTH, Calcium, Phosphate and ALP look like?

A

PTH- high
calcium- very high
phosphate - LOW***
ALP- high

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15
Q

in secondary hyperparathyroidism what would your PTH, Calcium, Phosphate and ALP look like?

A

PTH- high
calcium- LOW**
phosphate - high
ALP- high

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16
Q

in tertiary hyperparathyroidism what would your PTH, Calcium, Phosphate and ALP look like?

A

PTH- high
calcium- high
phosphate - high
ALP- high

17
Q

in pseudo hyperparathyroidism what would your PTH, Calcium, Phosphate and ALP look like?

A

PTH- high
calcium- low
phosphate - high
ALP- n/a

Rakeem's Endocrinology (23 decks)

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