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APHUG > ch19&20 > Flashcards

ch19&20 Flashcards

1
Q
  • modernization theory
  • focuses on the shift from traditional to modern forms of society
A

Stages of Economic Growth model

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2
Q
  • alternative modernization model
  • colonialism and neocolonialism are the cause of global inequalities
A

world systems theory

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3
Q

countries do not exist in isolation but are part if an intertwined world system in which all countries are dependent on each other

A

dependency theory

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4
Q

raw materials that haven’t undergone processing
- oil
- coffee

A

commodities

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5
Q

when more than 60% of its exports are raw material

A

commodity dependence

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6
Q

exchanging goods

A

trade

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7
Q

a system of exchange in which no $$ changes hands

A

barter

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8
Q

ability to produce a good or service at a lower cost than others

A

comparative advantage

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9
Q

when a country has all the attributes another country desires

A

complementarity

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10
Q

laws that reduced barriers to trade

A

free trade

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11
Q

a set of reforms that reduced government regulations and taxation

A

neoliberal policies

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12
Q

groups of countries that agree to a common set of trade rules

A

trading blocs

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13
Q
  • southern common market
  • trading bloc
  • south American countries
A

Mercosur

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14
Q
  • global org
  • monitor the rules of international trade by providing forum for negotiating trade deals
A

world trade org

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15
Q

aiding countries caught in need of financial assistance

A

international monetary fund

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16
Q

contracting work to non-company employees or other companies
- nike ____ work example

A

outsourcing

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17
Q

moving back offices to other countries

A

offshoring

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18
Q

a changed system of employment in various economic sectors globally

A

new international division of labor

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19
Q

actions creating new wealth for a region
- commercial farm products
- manufactured goods

A

basic economic activity

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20
Q

actions declining new wealth for a region, allows for recirculation of existing money

A

non-basic economic activity

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21
Q

buisinesses that operate in multiple countries

A

transnational corps // multinational corps

22
Q

special manufacturing zones

A

export processing zones

23
Q

China’s version of export-processing zone

A

special economic zone

24
Q

Mexico’s version of export-processing zone

A

maquilladoras

25
Q

locations where a foreign company can store, warehouse, transfer, or process w/o additional taxation or duties if goods are exported

A

free-trade zones

26
Q

economy that no longer employs large # of people in factories but has people who provide services and process information

A

post-industrial economy

27
Q

item is moved from worker to worker
- henry ford invented this

A

assembly line

28
Q

system of mass production: changed manufacturing and became standard practice across industries
- invented by henry ford again

A

fordism

29
Q

businesses maximize profit by substituting one factor of production for another

A

substitution principle

30
Q
  • industrial adaptability
  • aftereffects of Fordism ways
  • unemployment
  • workers rotate among different tasks
A

post-fordist

31
Q

system in which inputs in the assembly process arrive at the assembly location when they are needed

A

just-in-time delivery

32
Q

location decision for one factory is interdependent upon the location of other factories

A

locational interdependence

33
Q

hub for information-based industry & high-tech manufacturing

A

technopole

34
Q

economic stimulus associated with technopoles

A

growth pole

35
Q

positive economic outcomes beyond growth pole

A

spin off effects

36
Q

possible downsides of growth poles

A

backwash effects

37
Q

site of abandoned factories
- signifies region of US hit by deindustrialization

A

brownfields

38
Q
  • office buildings and commercial spaces on landscape
  • advantage of agglomeration economies
A

corporate parks

39
Q

using earths resources w/o permanent damage

A

sustainability

40
Q

address problems caused by depletion of natural resources, mass consumption of goods, pollution of air & water, and impact of climate change
- various scales

A

sustainable development

41
Q

impact on environment

A

ecological footprint

42
Q

travel to a region by people who are interested in distinctive ecosystem
- can be bad if continuously visited: damage

A

ecotourism

43
Q
  • 17 new goals
  • 2016-2030
  • by UN
  • intended to finish the job Millenials began
  • more aware of enviro challenges
A

sustainable development goals

44
Q

the process of using machines and large-scale processes to convert raw materials into manufactured goods
- stimulated social, political, demographic, and economic changes in societies at all scales

A

industry

45
Q

the basic substances needed to manufacture finished goods

A

raw materials

46
Q

a place where products are sold

A

market

47
Q

small home-based businesses that made goods

A

cottage industries

48
Q

a series of technological advances
- UK
- resulted in complex machinery (driven by water or steam power)
- made products faster and at lower costs than cottage industries

A

industrial revolution

49
Q

stretched across midlatitudes of the northern hemisphere
- included northeastern and midwestern US, much of Europe, part of Russia, and Japan

A

industrial belt

50
Q

process of decreasing reliance on manufacturing jobs

A

deindustrialize

51
Q

regions with large #s of closed factories

A

rust belts

APHUG (5 decks)

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