More Flash Cards

Question 1

General anesthesia:

Answer 1

reversible, unconscious state using pharmacology. It is characterized by amnesia (sleep, hypnosis or basal narcosis), analagesia (freedom from pain), depression of reflexes, muscle relaxation

Question 2

Based on their blood-gas partition coefficients (i.e. solubility) IA are considred soluble (methoxyflurane), of intermediate solubility (halothane, enflurane, isoflurane) and poorly soluble (nitrous oxide)

Answer 2

High blood-solubility means that a large amount of IA must be dissolved in the blood before equilibrium is reached with the gas phase

Question 3

Desflurane ___ sensitization of myocardium to epinephrine induced dysrhythmias

Answer 3

no

Question 4

increase sensitization of myocardium to epinephrine induced dysrhythmias:

Answer 4

Halothane, enflurane

Question 5

Irritant to upper airways:

Answer 5

Isoflurane, desflurane

Question 6

Bronchodilators:

Answer 6

Sevoflurane, isoflurane, halothane, enflurane

Question 7

Bad odour:

Answer 7

Halothane, desflurane

Question 8

Good odor:

Answer 8

Sevoflurane, isoflurane, enflurane

Question 9

Unique feature of ideal volatile anesthetic:

Answer 9

Low solubility

Question 10

Endotracheal intubation indications:

Answer 10

• Disease - obstruction, RF
• General anesthesia in surgery
• Risk of pulmonary aspiration
• Difficult mask ventilation

Question 11

Normal interincisor gap

Answer 11

> 3cm

Question 12

Thyromental distance

Answer 12

> 6cm

Question 13

SALT is for? It means?

Answer 13

Suction
Airway
Laryngoscope
Tube

Question 14

Physiologic response to intubation:

Answer 14

HTN, tachycardia, intracranial HTN, laryngospasm

Question 15

Endotravheal intubation complications:

Answer 15

Tube malpositioning
Tube malfunction or physiologic response
Trauma
Mucosal inflammation, ulceration, excoriation of nose
Laryngeal malfunction and aspiration, glottic, subglottic or tracheal edema and stenosis, vocal cord granuloma or paraslysis during extubation

Question 16

CPR drugs confirmed:

Answer 16

• Epinephrine 1 mg every 4 min
• Atropine 1mg up to 2 mg
• Amiodarone in case of ventricular tachycardia/fibrillation 2x150 mg
• Lidocaine 100 mg bolus iv up to 300 mg
• Sodium Bicarbonate only if severe acidosis pH<7,20 other ways might produce intracellular acidosis

Question 17

Premedication drugs:

Answer 17

Premedication: Sedatives +/- Pain killers (opiates)
1). Benzodiazepines : Diazepam, Alprazolam, Midazolam
2). Phenothiazines
3). Droperidol
4) Anticholinergic agents: Atropin Scopolamine Glycopirholate
Histamine (H2) antagonists
Metoclopramide
Antacids

Question 18

Patient characteristics in spinal anesthesia that affect distribution:

Answer 18

age, height, weight, gender, intraabdominal pressure, position.

Question 19

Complications of spinal anesthesia:

Answer 19

pain on injection; backache; headache; urinary
retention; meningitis; vascular injury; nerve injury; high spinal anesthesia.