Session 8

Question 1

Is there is link between socioeconomic status and death rate?

Answer 1

Yes. The less wealthy are more likely to suffer from poorer health and die earlier than those who are more weathly

Question 2

According to Clark & Seymour, what are the 3 main patterns of dying?

Answer 2

Gradual death (Slow decline in health)
Catastrophic death (Sudden event)
Premature death (Children or young adults in accidents or illness)

Question 3

According to Kubler-Ross, what is the 5 stage grief model people experience when adjusting to the idea of death?

Answer 3

1) Denial
2) Anger
3) Bargaining
4) Depression
5) Acceptance

Question 4

What is important to remember about the 5 stage grief model?

Answer 4

People can go through the 5 stages in any order and some may not move through the stages (eg may be at one stage the whole time or never pass through all stages)

Question 5

What is important to remember about patients who are in denial?

Answer 5

They may put up barriers to care.

Question 6

Define Grief

Answer 6

Set of physiological and psychological reactions to bereavement

Question 7

Define Mourning

Answer 7

The process of adapting to loss

Question 8

What is bereavement associated with?

Answer 8

Increased risk of illness and mortality (Particularly older people who lose their spouse)

Question 9

What are some of the symptoms of bereavement?

Answer 9

Physical - Shortness of breath, fatigue, reduced immune function
Behavioural - Insomnia, crying, social withdrawal
Emotional - Depressed, anxiety, anger, guilt
Cognitive - Lack of concentration

Question 10

According to Shedon, what are the risk factors for a poor outcome of bereavement?

Answer 10

Prior bereavements
Mental health issues
Type of loss eg child
Lack of social support
Stress from other crisis eg money

Question 11

According to Parkes & Weiss, what are the factors that lead to complications in the grief process?

Answer 11

Expression of grief discouraged (Staying strong for others around you)
Ending of grief discouraged (Guilt for getting over it)

Question 12

What are the aims of Palliative care?

Answer 12

Improve quality of life
Manage emotional and physical symptoms
Give patients more control

Question 13

What is the aim of the Liverpool care pathway?

Answer 13

It attempts to bring palliative care into hospitals to decrease physiological distress

Question 14

Why are hospices better than hospitals for end of life treatment?

Answer 14

There is a better staff to patient ratio

Question 15

What is the sexual response cycle?

Answer 15

Desire (Thoughts/feelings) –> Arousal (Self appraisal, physical indicators) –> Orgasm (Pelvic floor contractions at peak arousal)

Question 16

Define Sexual dysfunction

Answer 16

Disturbance in sexual desire and in psychophysiological changes that characterise the sexual response cycle causing marked distress

Question 17

What 3 characteristics should a sexual disorder have?

Answer 17

Disruption in phase
Distress
Disturbance in relationship

Question 18

Define Dyspareunia

Answer 18

Painful sex

Question 19

Define Vaginismus

Answer 19

Involuntary spasms. Hard to have penetration

Question 20

What are the 2 types of Vaginismus?

Answer 20

Primary - Has been present before sex

Secondary - Developed after child birth of operations

Question 21

What are some of the main components of psycosexual therapy?

Answer 21

Educative counselling (Individual/Couple)
Modification of attitudes/beliefs
Desensitisation programmes
Specific directions for sexual behaviour

Question 22

What are some of the treatments for males with sexual dysfunction?

Answer 22

Oral therapy eg viagra
Local therapy eg SSRIs
Self injection therapy
Mechanical therapy

Question 23

What are some of the treatments for females with sexual dysfunction?

Answer 23

Lubruicants eg SILKs
Hormones
Zestra gel (Applied to clitoris)
Clitoral therapy device (Increases blood flow)