15.3

Question 1

Where does the heart lie in the body? (2)

Answer 1

(1) in the thoracic cavity
(2) behind the sternum (breastbone)

Question 2

What are the two chambers of the heart? (2)

Answer 2

(1) the atrium
(2) the ventricles

Question 3

What type of blood does the right side of the heart have? (1)

What type of blood does the left side of the heart have? (1)

Answer 3

(1) deoxygenated blood from the body

(1) oxygenated blood from the lungs

Question 4

Describe how the structure of the atrium is linked to its function. (4)

Answer 4

(1) has thin and elastic walls —-> (3) to stretch when it collects blood
(2) has thin muscular walls —-> (4) it only has to pump blood the short distance to the ventricle

Question 5

Why did why does the left ventricle have a thicker wall than the right ventricle? (2)

Answer 5

(1) the left ventricle needs to generate enough pressure to pump blood to the entire body,
(2) whereas the right ventricle only pumps blood to the lungs which is a shorter distance

Question 6

So just why it is important to prevent the mixing of the blood in the two sides of the heart. (3)

Answer 6

(1) it’ll result in only partially oxygenated blood reaching the tissues and lungs
(2) this would mean the supply of oxygen to the tissues would be inadequate & there would be a reduced diffusion gradient in the lungs,
(3) limiting the rate of oxygen uptake

Question 7

Between each atrium and ventricle are valves that prevent the backflow of blood into the atria when the ventricles contract.
What are these two types of valves? Specify on which side each one is. (2)

Answer 7

(1) the left atrioventricular bicuspid valve
(2) the right atrioventricular tricuspid valve

Question 8

What do ventricles do? (1)

What do atria do? (1)

Answer 8

(1) ventricles pump blood away from the heart and into the arteries

(1) the atria receive blood from the veins

Question 9

The vessels connecting the heart to the lungs are called… (1)

Answer 9

pulmonary vessels

Question 10

TASK: Draw and label the diagram of the heart. Include the words:
aorta, superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, pulmonary vein, left pulmonary artery, right pulmonary artery, semi-lunar valves, left AV valve, right AV valve, septum, & the 4 chambers

Answer 10

correct your answer from page 200

Question 11

NOTE: An easy way to recall which heart chambers are attached to which type of blood vessel is to remember that A and V always go together.
Hence Atria link to Veins & Arteries link to Ventricles

Answer 11

xoxo

Question 12

What chamber is each blood vessel connected to? (4)
What type of blood does it carry? (4)
- aorta
- vena cava
- pulmonary artery
- pulmonary vein

Answer 12

aorta: (1) left ventricle
(2) oxygenated blood
vena cava: (1) right atrium
(2) deoxygenated blood
pulmonary artery: (1) right ventricle
(2) deoxygenated blood
pulmonary vein: (1) left atrium
(2) oxygenated blood

Question 13

What type of blood vessel provides blood for the heart muscle? (1)

Where do they come from? (1)

Answer 13

(1) coronary arteries

(1) they branch off the aorta shortly after it leaves the heart

Question 14

Blockage of the ____(1)____ _____(2)_____, for example from a blood clot, leads to _____(3)_____ _____(4)_____, or heart attack, because an area of the heart muscle is deprived of ____(5)____ and so it dies.

Answer 14

(1) Coronary
(2) arteries
(3) myocardial
(4) infarction
(5) oxygen