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biology 11 > Unit 1: Unit Test Preperation > Flashcards

Unit 1: Unit Test Preperation Flashcards

1
Q

Virus

A

Something that causes diseases in plants & animals (super tiny)

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2
Q

Is a virus living?

A

Non-living
- unable to live without a host
- not cellular
- must use host cells to replicate

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3
Q

Bacteriophage

A

Type of virus that infects and replicates within bacteria

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4
Q

Capsid

A

protein coat surrounding vaccine structure

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5
Q

Genetic material

A

DNA or RNA

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6
Q

virus vaccine structure

A

Capsid — protein coat
Simple membrane (sometimes)

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7
Q

how do vaccines work?

A

antibody flags virus parts for leukocytes to destroy
antibodies protect against real virus

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8
Q

Similarities between 2 bacterial kingdoms

A
  • no membrane bound organelles (no nucleus)
  • have singular chromosome
  • have plasmids
  • both can grow in aerobic and anaerobic conditions
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9
Q

list the two bacterial kingdoms

A
  1. Archaea
  2. Bacteria
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10
Q

Kingdom Bacteria qualities

A

Mesophiles (moderate conditions)
both heterotrophs and autotrophs (perform photosynthesis)

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11
Q

Kingdom Archaea qualifies

A

extremophiles — live in extreme conditions (thrive in HARSH conditions)

performs methanogenisis (makes methane as byproduct)

SOME autotrophs perform chemosynthesis

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12
Q

Parts of a bacterial cell

A

DNA plasmid
Flagellum
Pilli / Cillia
Capsule

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13
Q

DNA plasmid

A

Small circular DNA strand that codes for a single characteristic – eg. antibiotic resistance

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14
Q

Flagellum

A

allow bacteria to move

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15
Q

Pill / Cillia

A

tiny hairs

allow exchange of generic info between bacteria

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16
Q

Binary fission

A

ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION
occurs in ‘good’ environment with lots of food

cell grows, copies, elongates, separate

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17
Q

Conjunction

A

some bacteria can exchange DNA (plasmids) through cytoplasmic bridge

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18
Q

Plasmids

A

when bacteria have special quality (ex. natural resistance to antibiotics) and share to other bacteria

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19
Q

endospore formation

A

thick-walled protection for DNA from extremes
(when unfavourable conditions)

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20
Q

Bacteria in society (harmful)

A

Botulism (type of food poisoning by anaerobic bacteria)

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21
Q

bacteria in society (helpful)

A

oxygen production

cyanobacteria produce during photosynthesis
bacteria = natural décomposer

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22
Q

endosymbiosis theory

A

larger cell engulfs smaller cell (specialized function)

engulfed cell becomes part of large cell

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23
Q

characteristic of fungi

A

Most = multicellular with long filaments
hypae and fruiting body
asexual and sexually repro

*yeast is unicellular

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24
Q

structure of fungi

A

hyphae
mycelium
fruiting body
sporangia

25
Q

hyphae

A

responsible for secreting digestive enzymes + absorbing them

26
Q

mycelium

A

under soil (bulk of organism)

27
Q

fruiting body

A

responsible for dev + spore release

28
Q

sporangia

A

responsible for producing haploid spores

29
Q

4 methods of fungi nutrition

A

parasitic
predatory
mutualistic
saprobrial

30
Q

parasitic

A

absorbs nutrients from living cells of host
ex) cordyceps

31
Q

predatory

A

soil fungi
mycelia = specializes structure (traps prey)
ex) arthrobotrys

32
Q

mutualistic

A

partnerships with other organisms

33
Q

saprobial

A

decompose (recycle nutrients in ecosystem)

34
Q

uses of fungi

A

environment (decompose)
medicine

35
Q

define vertebrate

A

Presence of a backbone and internal skeleton – notochord present

36
Q

Invertebrate

A

Absence of a backbone – notochord absent

37
Q

Notochord

A

Nerve cord running length of organism protected by cartilage or bone

runs along dorsal surface

transfer of info

38
Q

Exoskeleton

A

Tough outer covering for protection (ex. lobster)

39
Q

Endoskeleton

A

Internal skeleton (ex. humans)

40
Q

Endotherm

A

Warm-blooded (ex. mammals)

Organisms able to maintain constant body temperature

41
Q

Ectotherm

A

Cold-blooded (ex. lizards)
Organisms that are unable to maintain constant body temperature

42
Q

Tetrapod

A

Four-limbed organism

43
Q

Ectoderm

A

External layer

44
Q

Mesoderm

A

Middle layer

ex) red blood cells

45
Q

Endoderm

A

internal layer
ex) digestive cells

46
Q

Sessile

A

Immobile, does not move

47
Q

types of symmetry

A

bilateral
radial
asymmetrical

48
Q

bilateral symmetry

A

Have complete nervous system

49
Q

Asymmetrical

A

No body symmetry present

50
Q

Coelum

A

Fluid-filled body cavity that provides space for the development and suspension of organs and organ systems

51
Q

Autotrophs

A

Able to produce own energy

52
Q

Heterotrophs

A

Must consume for energy

53
Q

lytic vs lysogenic

A

lytic: virus replicates then release from cells

lysogenic: genetic info incorporates with host DNA

54
Q

steps in lytic cycle

A

attachment
injection
replication
assembly
lysis

55
Q

lysogenic cycle

A

attachment
injection
incorporation (provirus) -> trigger
replication
assembly
lysis

56
Q

Protist

A

microscopic and unicellular
eukaryotes
found in moist environments
repro = mitosis

57
Q

categories of protists

A

plant-like
animal-like
fungus-like

58
Q

plant-like protists

A

contain chlorophyll (photosynthesis)
rigid silica walls
have 2 flagella

59
Q

animal-like protists

A

all heterotrophs (some parasites)
binary repro
classified by locomotion (movement)

biology 11 (4 decks)

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