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Exercise Physiology Lab > Lab Exam 1- Lab 2 > Flashcards

Lab Exam 1- Lab 2 Flashcards

1
Q

1 MET =

A

3.5 mL/kg/min

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2
Q

1 L O2 = ___ kcal

A

5 kcal

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3
Q

aerobic metabolism uses what 3 substrates and for what

A

carbs, proteins, and fats for ATP production

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4
Q

all energy transformations that occur in the human body:

A

cellular
chemical
mechanical

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5
Q

anabolic reactions

A

require energy input

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6
Q

associated energy cost of TEF on TDEE

A

10%

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7
Q

ATP is made of

A

cell work + heat

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8
Q

BMR accounts for what % of TDEE

A

60-70%

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9
Q

BMR is responsible for

A

energy utilized to sustain all cellular, chemical, and mechanical work at rest

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10
Q

calorie

A

the heat required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water 1 degree celcius

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11
Q

catabolic reactions

A

yield energy

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12
Q

direct calorimetry

A

quantifies the heat produced by a resting or exercising animal

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13
Q

direct calorimetry measures

A

heat loss

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14
Q

do we need to measure O2 and CO2 fractions in inspired air

A

no always constant

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15
Q

during exercise is all or some of heat generated going towards work

A

only part of energy transformed by metabolic pathways directly does work

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16
Q

EAT

A

exercise activity thermogenesis
accounts for EE
associated with sport specific exercising

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17
Q

energy balance occurs when

A

energy intake = energy expenditure
* however this is a static equation because humans are dynamic

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18
Q

energy lost

A

the portion of energy released that does not contribute towards work (heat)
allows us to calculate mechanical efficiency

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19
Q

expressing a gas volume in STPD makes it possible to compare and evaluate VO2 values calculated at

A

different altitudes, temperature, and humidity

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20
Q

FiCO2

A

0.0003

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21
Q

FiO2

A

0.2093

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22
Q

gross efficiency varies with

A

work rate
cadence
fiber type
contraction type

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23
Q

Gross Mechanical Efficiency (ME)

A

ratio of mechanical power (mechanical work rate) to metabolic power

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24
Q

how are we measuring energy expenditure in this lab

A

by measuring VO2

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25
Q

how do you measure expired and inspired O2

A

douglas bag technique

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26
Q

how does a calorimeter work

A

a subject is placed in a chamber surrounded by an insulated water jacket
thermometers in the water jacket measure temp change in the water
using heat of water and mass of water,, the heat loss (C) from the subject to the walls of the chamber is calculated

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27
Q

how does douglas bag technique work

A

a subject breathes through a mouthpiece attached to two way valve (Daniel’s Valve) that allows entry of atmospheric air to be inspired and removes expired air through the other side
volume of air expired (Ve) is collected into plastic Douglas bags and analyzed for concentrations of fractional expired O2 (FeO2) and CO2 (FeCO2) via gas anyalysis machines (PARVO)

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28
Q

how is metabolic rate measured

A

via direct or indirect calorimetry

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29
Q

how is Ve measured

A

via a volumeter

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30
Q

how many kcal per LO2 for combustion of fat

A

4.851 kcal*LO2-1

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31
Q

how many kcal per LO2 for combustion of protein

A

4.5 kcal*LO2-1

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32
Q

how many kcal yielded per LO2 for carbs

A

5.189 kcal*LO2-1

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33
Q

how many kcal yielded per LO2 in combustion of a mixed diet

A

4.98 kcal*LO2-1

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34
Q

how many kcal yielded per LO2 in combustion of a starving individual

A

4.851 kcal*LO2-1

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35
Q

how are calories quantified in this lab

A

kcal

36
Q

what unit does the calorimeter measure heat

A

in calories

37
Q

increased work rate requires

A

increased rate of EE

38
Q

indirect calorimetry is used

A

in aerobic metabolism in order to determine metabolic rate from O2 uptake

39
Q

indirect calorimetry measures

A

O2 consumption only from oxidative pathways

40
Q

is the human machine 100% efficient

A

NO some energy is lost as heat

41
Q

key characteristics of VE

A

saturated with water vapor and is at an ambient temp and pressure (ATPS) making comparisons under different environmental conditions difficult

42
Q

main accomplishment of DIRECT calorimetry

A

provide a DIRECT measurement of all heat production in the body including both aerobic and anaerobic metabolism

43
Q

main component of TDEE

A

basal metabolic rate (BMR)

44
Q

metabolic power

A

rate of energy expenditure required to maintain this specific mechanical work rate)

45
Q

metabolism

A

reflects all chemical and cellular reactions, as well as mechanical work that occurs in living cells

46
Q

NEAT

A

non-exercise activity thermogenesis
energy cost of all other forms of physical activity

47
Q

FiN2

A

0.7904

48
Q

normal values for ME in humans

A

0-30% depending on intensity, exercise type, muscle fiber type, etc

49
Q

open circuit spirometry

A

determines the rate of O2 uptake (VO2) by subtracting the inspired O2 (VIO2) minus expired O2 (VeO2)

50
Q

rate of heat loss is measured as

A

a reflection of the metabolic rate of an organism

51
Q

rate of heat production is proportional to

A

metabolic rate

52
Q

RMR is approximately

A

3.5 mL/kg/min

53
Q

2nd law of thermodynamics

A

2 isolated systems that differ in any way will equalize if given the opportunity

54
Q

STPD stands for

A

standard temperature and pressure, dry

55
Q

TDA

A

total daily activity
calculated by EAT + NEAT

56
Q

TDAT components

A

total daily activity thermogenesis
made of energy cost of exercise activity thermogenesis (EAT) and non-exercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT)

57
Q

TDEE

A

total daily EE

58
Q

TEF

A

thermic effect of food
energy cost for the digestion of food and absorption of nutrients

59
Q

third component of TDEE

A

TDAT or total activity thermogenesis

60
Q

VO2 is

A

the RATE of O2 consumption

61
Q

VO2 is proportional to

A

energy expenditure (EE) during predominantly aerobic tasks

62
Q

what 3 things are we measuring during the procedure

A

resting VO2 sitting on a chair for 8 min
VO2 on a treadmill at 2mph w 2% incline for 8 min
VO2 on cycle ergometer to produce a work rate of 60 watts for women and 100 watts for men for 8 min

63
Q

what do humans need to do work

A

energy

64
Q

what do we need to understand to measure metabolic rates in living organisms

A

2nd law of thermodynamics

65
Q

what do you need to estimate ME

A

quantify the amount of mechanical work done and corresponding energy expenditure during exericse

66
Q

what else takes a % of TDEE

A

TEF or thermic effect of food

67
Q

what factors do you need to take into account when determining rate of O2 consumed

A

Ve (volume of expired air) or pulmonary ventilation (L/min)
FeO2 and FeCO2
barometric pressure and temperature

68
Q

what happens when humans transform energy to do work

A

heat is released

69
Q

ATPS

A

ambient temperature and pressure

70
Q

what is important when performing indirect calorimetry

A

closely measure the amount of O2 consumed and CO2 produced by the organism by using a closed or open circuit spirometry

71
Q

what is released as a product of all metabolic reactions

A

heat

72
Q

what is the caloric expenditure of exercise

A

5kcal*LO2-1

73
Q

what is the device used to measure heat production

A

calorimeter

74
Q

what is the specific heat of water

A

1caldeg-1g-1

75
Q

what must you do to all Ve calculations as a result of different environmental conditions

A

all Ve collected in douglas bag are corrected to dry gas at standard temperature and pressure (STPD) using a correction factor based upon ambient conditions)

76
Q

what two variables are required for standardization of different environmental conditions

A

room temperature
Barometric pressure (Pb)

77
Q

what type of calorimetry are we doing in the lab

A

indirect open circuit

78
Q

what unit is used to measure the mass of water in the calorimeter

A

g

79
Q

when is Ve measured (expired minute ventilation)

A

as it comes out of the mouth from the lungs

80
Q

why is inspired minute ventilation (VI) not measured but calculated

A

based on the assumption that N is not exchanged across the lung
VIN2 (inspired)= VEN2 (expired)

81
Q

how to calculate gross efficiency

A

mechanical power/metabolic power

82
Q

factors the affect BMR

A

fat free mass
Age
Sex (lower in females)
body fatness
genetics
caloric restriction/starvation
exercise

83
Q

what happens to BMR with an increase in body fat

A

BMR decreases 0.01 kcal/min with every 1% increase in body fat

84
Q

BMR is proportional to

A

FFM
fat free mass

85
Q

the MET is a unit that represents

A

multiples of resting metabolic rate

86
Q

what must be measured during open circuit spirometry

A

Ve, FeCO2, FeO2

87
Q
A

Exercise Physiology Lab (11 decks)

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