Exam 2 Flashcards
The relatively permanent type of memory that holds huge amounts of information for a sustained period of time is called
Long-Term Memory
The first process in recording information in a form usable to memory is referred to as
Encoding
_____ memory is a subdivision of declarative memory that is concerned with general knowledge and facts.
Semantic
Sensory memory is brief and not very precise.
True or False
False
Despite the brief duration of sensory memory, its precision is high. Sensory memory can store an almost exact replica of each stimulus to which it is exposed.
In which memory store does information first have meaning?
Short-Term Memory
Episodic memories relate to particular contexts.
True or False
True
When we cannot quite recall some information, but we once knew it, we are having a failure of
Long-Term memory retrieval
Recognition is much more difficult than recall.
True or False
False
This is false. Recall is more difficult because it consists of a series of processes: a search through memory, retrieval of potentially relevant information, and then a decision regarding whether the information you have found is accurate.
In levels-of-processing theory, we would expect writing a comment about an example of a concept in psychology will help us remember it better than sitting in class and listening to the lecture. This is because further thinking leads to
Deeper Information processing
When we recall doing our last psychology assignment, we are using ____ memory.
episodic
Intentionally remembering something involves ____ memory
Explicit
The tip-of-the tongue phenomenon is a failure of ___
retrieval
Bernadette recalled exactly where she was sitting and what she was wearing when Stefan proposed to her. This is an example of a(n)
Flashbulb memories
Our memories reflect _______, in which memories are influenced by the meaning we give to events.
constructive processes
Levels-of-processing theory suggests that one way to remember something is to
Think about it
Unlike explicit memory, implicit memory does not require ______ awareness.
conscious
Forgetting helps keep unwanted and unnecessary information from interfering with retrieving information that is wanted and necessary.
True or False
True
Forgetting because we have not used the information in a long time is related to
decay
Forgetting that occurs because previous learning conflicted with recalling newer information is called
Proactive interference
When we retrieve information, the memory that is produced is affected not just by the direct prior experience we have had with the stimulus but also by our guesses and inferences about its meaning. Accordingly, our memories reflect
Constructive Processes
_____ results in a gradual decline in cognitive abilities.
Alzheimer’s disease
Forgetting older information because of more recent information is called ______.
Retroactive interference
Sleep _______ involves difficulty breathing during sleep.
apnea
____________ refers to a relatively permanent change in behavior brought about by experience.
Learning
In the context of classical conditioning, during ____________, a conditioned stimulus is presented by itself.
extinction
___________ occurs when one is presented with a stimulus and asked whether he/she has been.
Recognition
__________ memories are memories related to a specific, important, or surprising emotionally significant event that are recalled easily and with vivid imagery.
Flashbulb
