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scs > SCS Study Guide- Spine > Flashcards

SCS Study Guide- Spine Flashcards

1
Q

dorsal scapular nerve innervates what

A

rhomboids, levator scap
c4-5

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2
Q

long thoracic nerve innervates what

A

c5-6-7 SA

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3
Q

suprascap nerve innervates what

A

infra and supra C5-6

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4
Q

lateral pectoral nerve innervates what

A

c-5-6-7
pec major and minor

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5
Q

MSK nerve innervates what

A

c5-6-7
coracobrachialis, brachalis, biceps

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6
Q

upper subscap nerve innervates what

A

c5-6
subscap nerve (upper)

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7
Q

thoracodorsal nerve innervates what

A

c6-7-8
lats

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8
Q

lower subscap nerve innervates what

A

c5-6
subscap lower and teres minor

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9
Q

axillary nerve innervates what

A

c5-6
anterior deltoid, posterior teres minor and deltoid

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10
Q

radial nerve innervates what

A

c5-t1
triceps, supinator, extensors for forearm
brachioradialis

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11
Q

medial pectoral nerve innervates what

A

c8-t1
pec major and minor

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12
Q

ulnar nerve innervates what

A

c8-t1
2 medial lumbricals, medial digitorum profundus and intrinsics (but not thenar intrinsics)

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13
Q

odontoid view looks at

A

c1-2 relationship

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14
Q

swimmers view looks at

A

c7-T1

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15
Q

alantoedntal interval classifications for risk of injury

A

3.5mm instability
7mm disruption of transverse ligament
>9-10mm risk of neuro injury and needs surgery

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16
Q

Canadian c/s rules

A

high risk fractures (age over 65, dangerous MOI, paresthesia in UE) then YES

low risk (able to assume sitting position, ambulatory, absences of midline tenderness, delayed onsets of neck pain) IF NO, IMAGING

but if cannot rotate to over 45 degrees to one side: IMAGING

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17
Q

jefferson or burst fracture is to what

A

c1

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18
Q

odontoid fracture what level

A

c2

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19
Q

hangman fracture vert fx

A

c2

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20
Q

clay shovelers fracture fx site

A

SP c6-T2

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21
Q

MOI and presentation for c/s dislocation

A

violent flex and rotation,

and neck tilted toward side of dislocation

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22
Q

signs of cervical myelopathy

A

hoffmans’
hyperreflexive brachioradialis
gait changes
babinski
age over 45

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23
Q

c/s radic test cluster

A

(+) distraction
(+) Spurling
(+) ULTT median
(+) less than 60 degrees rotation to affected side

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24
Q

what are stingers associated with

A

cervical stenosis
kyphosis
congenital fusion
cervical instability
herniation
vascular/metabolic abnormalities

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25
Q

when can RTP after stinger

A

if it is the first, as soon as sxs resolve

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26
Q

dermatomes

A

c1: top of head
c2: suboccipital
c3: side neck/jaw
c4: top shoulders
c5: latral delt
c6: tip of thumb
c7: tip of middle finger
c8: fifth finger
t1: ulnar side forearm

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27
Q

myotomes

A

c1: neck flexion
c2: neck flexion
c3: lateral neck flexion
c4: shoulder elevation
c5: abduction
c6: elbow flexion and wrist extension
c7: elbow ext and wrist flexion
c8: finger flexion
t1: finger abduction and extension

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28
Q

modified sharp purser

A

tests transverse ligament >1mm neuro sxs

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29
Q

alar ligament test

A

c2 SP does not move to opposite side

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30
Q

vertebral artery test

A

dizziness, drop attack, diplopia dysarthria, dysphagia

31
Q

cervical flexion and rotation test

A

movement dysfucntion, at c1-2, restricted ROM and firm resistance

32
Q

spurlings

A

reproduction of c/s radic

33
Q

ULTT

A

pain, tingling, numbness

34
Q

cervical distraction

A

symptoms decrease with distraction

35
Q

diaphragm referral

A

c4

36
Q

heart referral

A

t3-4

37
Q

esophagus referral

A

t4-5

38
Q

stomach referral

A

t8

39
Q

small intestine referral

A

t10

40
Q

colon referral

A

t11

41
Q

liver and gallbladder referral

A

t8-11

42
Q

kidney and testes referral

A

t10-11

43
Q

bladder referral

A

t11-l1

44
Q

murphy’s sign if for the

A

gall bladder t8-11 lower border of the ribs

45
Q

mcburney’s point

A

appendix, half way between ASIS and umbilicus

46
Q

what are some functional and structural causes of scoliosis

A

functional: muscle spasms or LLD

structural: idiopathic and irreversible curves

47
Q

tests for scoliosis

A

adam’s bend test and Cobb angle

48
Q

treatment over ___ degrees may need surgery for scoliosis

A

45

49
Q

R thoracic scoliosis can compromise what

A

cardiopulmonary function

50
Q

Scheurmann’s disease
example, exam and treatment

A

thoracic kyphosis from wedge fracture 5 degrees or more than 3 or more consecutive vertebrate
kyphosis, TTP at SP
treat: prevention, extension exericses and postural education

51
Q

who is at greatest risk of scheurmans

A

swimmers and gynmasts

52
Q

dermatomes lumbar spine

A

l1: iliac crest
l2: anterior thigh
l3: anterior lower thigh
l4: medial calf and big toe
l5: lateral leg and anterior foot
s1: lower 1/2 posterior calf , sole of foot and lateral 2 toes
s2: posterior thigh, sole and plantar aspect of the heel

53
Q

myotomes of lumbar spine

A

l1: psoas (hip flexion )
l2: psoas (hip flexion)
l3: quads (hip and knee ext )
l4: tibialis anterior (knee ext and DF)
l5: extension hallicus (DF)
s1: Flexor hallucis and gastroc (PF and EVE)
s2: Hamstrings

54
Q

patellar tendon reflex what levels

A

l3-4

55
Q

achilles reflex level

A

s1

56
Q

red flags

A

urinary incontinence, cauda equina, loss of sphincters
decreased sacral sensation, gait changes

57
Q

stork test

A

shows pain in area of spondylolisthesis

58
Q

SLR 30degrees

A

hip or nerve irritation

59
Q

SLR 30-60

A

scaitic nerve irritation

60
Q

SLR 70-90

A

SIJ involvement

61
Q

Kernig’s sign

A

back pain may be a nerve root irritation

62
Q

Brudzinski’s

A

lumbar disc involvement or nerve irritaiton

63
Q

FABER

A

pain in inguinal region: hip patholgy
pain with overpressure may be SIJ

64
Q

prone instability test

A

test for liklihood of responding positively to spinal stabilization program

65
Q

SIJ provocation test

A

distracction, compression, thigh thrust, sacral thrust , gaenslen’s

66
Q

spondylolysis cause, exam and treatment

A

cause: repetitive hyperextension pars interarticualris defect
exam: pain with extension, scotty dog on oblique x-ray
treatment: activity modification, rest and surgery

67
Q

ankylosing spondylitis
cause, exam and treatment

A

cause: inflammation that can cause fusing in the spine
exam: insidious onset of LBP before 40 years old and worse in AM, BETTER WITH ExERCISE

treatment: ROM, positionning and NSAIDS

68
Q

cauna equina syndrome cause, exam and treatment

A

cause: nerve root compression shutting off movement and sensation herniation, tumor and infection

bowel and bladder changes, sensation changes and low back pain and weakness

ROM positioning and NSAIDs

69
Q

disc herniation cause, exam and treatment

A

cause: forward bend/twist (lifting and collision sports)

exam: decreased lumbar motion, abnormal gait, weakness and decreased reflexes

treatment: directional preference

70
Q

vertebral osteomyelitis cause, exam and treatment

A

cause: bacterial infection, pain and febrile loss of lordosis, and immobilization and antibiotics

71
Q

CPR spinal manipulation

A

no pain below the knee
less than 16 days
less than 19 on FABQ
(+) PA glide
>35 hip IR

72
Q

cluster for stabilization exercises

A

age <40
ASLR>91
(+)PITT
aberrant movement (catch, arc, gower’s sign)

73
Q

cluster for mechanical traction

A

FABQ<21
no neuro deficit
age over 30
non-manual job

74
Q

cluster for stenosis

A

bilateral sxs
leg sxs> back sxs
pain during walk/stand
relief with sitting
over 48 years old

scs (26 decks)

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