CH.3 The Skeletal System

Question 1

A newborns skeleton begins as fragile, membranes and cartilage, but after three months, it starts turning into bone in a process called _____________, which continues through adolescence.

Answer 1

Ossification 

Question 2

Even after growth is completed, this process of new bone formation continues as _____________ breakdown old or damaged bone and ____________ help rebuild the bone.

Answer 2

Osteoclasts
Osteoblasts

Question 3

________ is the form of ___________ tissue that is the second hardest tissue in the human body.

Answer 3

Bone, connective tissue

Question 4

Only _____ _________ is harder than bone

Answer 4

Dental enamel

Question 5

Periosteum is the

Answer 5

Tough, fibrous tissue that forms the outermost covering of bone (peri- means surrounding, oste means bone, and -um is a noun ending).

Question 6

Compact bone is also known as

Answer 6

Cortical bone

Question 7

Compact bone is the

Answer 7

Dense, hard, and very strong bone that forms the protective outer layer of bones.

Question 8

When measured by weight, _________ bone accounts for more than 75% of the body’s bone matter.

Answer 8

Compact bone

Question 9

Spongy bone is also known as

Answer 9

Cancellous bone

Question 10

Spongy bone is

Answer 10

porous (“sponge-like”), which makes it lighter and weaker than compact bone

Question 11

What type of bone marrow is often located within the spongy bone?

Answer 11

Red bone marrow

Question 12

Bones, with with a large percentage of ________ bone are weaker and more susceptible to fractures

Answer 12

Spongy

Question 13

What does the term medullary mean?

Answer 13

Medullary means pertaining to the inner section.

Question 14

The medullary cavity is the

Answer 14

Central cavity, located in the shaft of the long bones, where it is surrounded by compact bone

Question 15

Where is red and yellow bone marrow stored

Answer 15

In the medullary cavity

Question 16

The endosteum is the

Answer 16

Tissue that lines the medullary cavity (end- means within, oste means bone, and -um is a noun ending.

Question 17

Red bone marrow is located within the _______ bone

Answer 17

Spongy

Question 18

Red bone marrow is a

Answer 18

Hemopoietic tissue, that manufactures red blood cells, hemoglobin, white blood cells, and thrombocytes.

Question 19

hemopoietic means
Also spelled hematopoietic

Answer 19

Pertaining to the formation of blood cells (hem/o means blood, and -poietic means pertaining to formation.

Question 20

Yellow bone marrow functions as a

Answer 20

Fat storage area.

Question 21

Most bone marrow is (red/yellow) from birth through early adolescence, after which about half of it is gradually replaced by (red/yellow) none marrow.

Answer 21

Red, yellow

Question 22

What is cartilage?

Answer 22

Cartilage is the smooth, rubbery, blue-white connective tissue that acts as a shock absorber between bones.

Question 23

What is more elastic than bone and also makes up the flexible parts of the skeleton such as the outer ear and the tip of the nose?

Answer 23

Cartilage

Question 24

What is articular cartilage?

Answer 24

Articular cartilage covers the surface of bones when they articulate, or come together to form joints.

Question 25

What cartilage makes smooth joint movements possible and protects the bones from rubbing against each other.

Answer 25

Articular cartilage

Question 26

What is the meniscus?

Answer 26

The meniscus is the curved, fibrous cartilage found in some joints, such as the knee and temporomandibular joint of the jaw