Embryology Flashcards
Name 3 major stages of spermatogenesis and the cells involved
Mitotic proliferation- spermatogonia to primary spermatocytes
Meiosis - spermatocytes to spermatids
Packaging- spermatids to sperm
Name 4 changes that spermatids undergo to form spermatozoa
Cytoplasm reduction
Nuclear condensation
Flagella formation
Acrosome formation
Where are spermatozoa made and where do they mature
Made in seminiferous tubules
Mature in epididymis
At what stage is primary oocyte arrested at
Prophase 1 of meiosis 1
At what stage is the secondary oocyte arrested at
Metaphase 2 of meiosis 2
Describe 3 phases of fertilization
Penetration of corona radiata
Penetration of zona pellucida
Fusion of oocyte and sperm cell membranes
State 2 enzymes released during an acrosome reaction
Acrosin
Trypsin
What happens during capacitation of the sperm x4
Hyperactivation
Increase in intracellular calcium
Removal of glycoprotein coat
Removal of seminal plasma proteins
State 2 layers of the trophoblast formed in germinal stage 1
Syncytiotrophoblast
Cytotrophoblast
Describe the 3 phases of implantation
Apposition - initial contact of blastocyst and uterine wall
Adhesion - Increased physical contact
Invasion - penetration of trophoblastic layers into the endometrium vasculature
State 2 placental layers
Syncytiotrophoblast
Cytotrophoblast
State 2 germ layers
Epiblast
Hypoblast
State the 2 extraembryonic mesoderm layers
Extraembryonic splanchnopleuric mesoderm
Extraembryonic somatopleuric mesoderm
Define gastrulation and which stage of development it occurs
Its the formation of all 3 germ layers ie ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm
Stage 3 ie fetal stage
State any 6 derivatives of ectoderm
S- skin
H- hair
A- anterior pituitary
P- parotid gland
E- eyes, ears, enamel
N- nails
