Cultural Variation in Attachment

Question 1

Culture

Answer 1

norms and values existing within a group of people

Question 2

Van Ijzendoorn and Kroonenberg procedure

Answer 2

meta-analysis of 32 studies which used SS in 8 different countries –> attachment types between and within countries studied

Question 3

how many babies were studied in Van Ijzendoorn and Kroonenberg

Answer 3

1990

Question 4

findings of Van Ijzendoorn and Kroonenberg

Answer 4

difference within culture was 1.5x greater than between cultures
individualistic cultures had similar proportions to Ainsworth –> collectivist had greater insecure attachment

Question 5

conclusions from Van Ijzendoorn and Kroonenberg

Answer 5

secure attachment is the norm in many cultures, supporting Bowlby’s idea that attachment is innate and secure attachment is the universal norm
research shows cultural practices influence attachment type

Question 6

cultural variations evaluation

Answer 6

Koreans sample american biased anxiety

Question 7

Mi Kyoung Ji et al.

Answer 7

Korean study of 87 babies S.S
most of those who were insecure were resistant which is a similar distribution to Japan in og S.S
backs up cultural differences

Question 8

what did Kagan et al. say about the SS

Answer 8

may measure anxiety rather than attachment and attachment type may be more related to temperament than relationship (shy = resistant, confident = avoidant)