POCUS

Question 1

What is POCUS

Answer 1

Point-of-care-ultrasonography

Question 2

What are the benefits of FAST scans?

Answer 2

Performed rapidly
Inexpensive
Can be done while other diagnostics are happening
Cage-side
Radiation sparing

Question 3

What can POCUS be used for?

Answer 3

Guiding procedures
Diagnoses
Screening following trauma

Question 4

What does FAST stand for?

Answer 4

Focuses Assessment with Sonography for Trauma

Question 5

Positioning for AFAST

Answer 5

Right lateral recumbency (left lateral can also be used, dorsal is not recommended)

Question 6

Name the four locations that are looked at during an AFAST

Answer 6

Diaphragmatic-hepatic
Spleno-renal (L)
Cysto-colic
Hepato-renal (R)

Question 7

What might you see on diaphragmatic-hepatic view that could indicate right side heart failure?

Answer 7

Dilated hepatic vein

Question 8

How does free fluid present in the spleno-renal view?

Answer 8

A lil triangle

Question 9

What is an abdominal fluid score?

Answer 9

Objective scale used to gauge severity of abdominal effusions

AFS 1-4

Ex. Fluid identified in the spleno-renal and hepatic-renal view would be an AFS score of 2

Question 10

How are abdominal fluid scores best utilized?

Answer 10

Serially in the same position to monitor

Repeat every four hours to check amount of free fluid (increasing or decreasing)

Question 11

Limitations to AFAST

Answer 11

False positives common at DH and SR sites

False negatives common b/c intrapelvic fluid is not visible

Might not be able to image d/t obesity or subcutaneous edema

Question 12

How many locations do we look at on a TFAST?

Answer 12

3

Question 13

_________ lateral recumbency is the best position for TFAST

Answer 13

Right

Can use left lateral or sternal, just not dorsal

Question 14

The three sites for TFAST

Answer 14

CTS (Chest Tube Site)
Pericardial Site
Diaphragmatico-hepatic

Question 15

Where is the CTS?

Answer 15

Highest outward point of the dog’s thorax dorsal to the xyphoid

Question 16

T/F: the glide sign is only visible with a pneumothorax

Answer 16

False - a glide sign is the normal to and fro motion of the long sliding along the chest wall during respiration

If a pneumo thorax is present, the glide sign will be absent

Question 17

Lung contusions will lead to

Answer 17

Rockets! Will see shadows where ribs are and then between each rib shadow you’ll see bright white lines

Question 18

A rain sign on M-Mode indicates

Answer 18

Interstitial disease

Question 19

A barcode sign on M-mode indicates

Answer 19

Pneumothorax

Question 20

A seashore sign on M-mode indicates

Answer 20

Normal lung

Question 21

For the _________ site of a TFAST, the probe is placed just caudal to the point of the elbow

Answer 21

Pericardial

Question 22

There are 5 cardiac views at the pericardial site. What are they?

Answer 22

• R-parasternal short axis - LV or mushroom view
• R-parasternal short axis - mitral valve or fish mouth view
• R-parasternal short axis - base view
• R-parasternal long axis - 4 chamber view
• L-apical long axis - 4 chamber view

Question 23

What should the LA:AO ratio be?

Answer 23

<1.5

> 1.5 indicates enlarge LA

Question 24

Normal fractional shortening

Answer 24

25-45% dogs
35-55% cats

Question 25

What is the image seen on a DH view?

Answer 25

Gallbladder smooching the diaphragm