Wood, Composite and Transparent Plastic Structures Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three forms of wood commonly used in aircraft construction?

A

Solid, laminated and plywood

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2
Q

What type of wood should be used when splicing or reinforcing plywood webs?

A

The same type of plywood as originally used

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3
Q

Name at least four different type of defects found in wood?

A

knots, checks, splits, pitch pockets, cross grain, curly grain, decay, dry rot, etc

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4
Q

Can a section of wood containing a hard knot be used?

A

yes, within specified limits

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5
Q

What type of glue may have been used in older wooden aircraft construction that requires careful inspection to detect deterioration?

A

Casein glue

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6
Q

What are the three types of glues used in modern aircraft construction and repair?

A

Resorcinol glue, phenol-formaldehyde glue and epoxy resin glue.

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7
Q

Is compression wood acceptable for structural repairs?

A

No

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8
Q

why should the various pieces of wood being joined be kept in same room for at least 24 hours prior to joining?

A

To allow the moisture content to equalize, thereby minimizing dimensional changes in the wood

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9
Q

why is it important to consider the open-assembly time when gluing wooden structures?

A

If the maximum open-assembly time is exceeded, the joint may fail since the glue may begin setting up before the joint is assembled

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10
Q

Why is it important to apply the proper clamping pressure to a glue joint?

A

clamping forces air out of the joint, brings the wood surfaces together evenly and is, in part, responsible for the strength of the glue line

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11
Q

Describe some of the methods used to apply pressure to glue joints?

A

clamps, nailing strips, power presses, brads, nails, and small screws

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12
Q

What minimum curing temperature should be observed when joining wood with various adhesives?

A

70 degrees Fahrenheit or as specified by the glue manufacturer

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13
Q

When inspecting wood structures, why might it be important to consider stains and discolored areas?

A

Stains and discoloration usually accompany decay and or rot

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14
Q

Describe the acceptable methods used to repair elongated bolt holes found in a wooden wing spar?

A

Remove the section containing the elongated hole and splice in a new section or replace the entire spar

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15
Q

What type of joint is used to splice a solid or rectangular wood spar?

A

a scarf joint

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16
Q

In what area are splices to a wood spar prohibited?

A

Under an attachment fitting for the wing root, landing gear, engine-mount, lift, or inter-plane strut

17
Q

What is the maximum number of splices allowed for any single spar?

A

Two

18
Q

Describe the characteristic of a scarf joint?

A

The pieces to be joined are tapered or beveled on a slope of 1 to 10 or 1 to 12

19
Q

Why must the beveled cut be accurate on both pieces of wood being repaired with a scarfed joint?

A

The two pieces must match exactly to ensure a tight glue joint

20
Q

What are the two primary uses for plywood in aircraft construction?

A

Gusset (or reinforcing) plates and aircraft skin

21
Q

Provide examples of at least three types of plywood skin repairs?

A

Splayed patches, surface patches, plug patches, and scarfed patches

22
Q

What type of patch should be used to repair small holes in thin plywood skin if the skin is less than 1/10th inch thick?

A

A splayed patch may be used if the hole can be cleared out to a diameter of less than 15 thicknesses of the skin

23
Q

What should be done to prevent a plywood patch and the pressure plate from sticking together if glue is extruded from the joint?

A

Place a piece of waxed paper or vinyl plastic between the patch and the pressure plate

24
Q

Why are lightweight steel bushings sometimes used in wooden structures?

A

Bushing prevent the wood from being crushed when bolts are tightened

25
Q

What is the purpose of large surface area washers when used on wooden structures?

A

Large washers provide additional bearing area for hardware to help preclude damage to the wood when the hardware is tightened

26
Q

Name several facing and core materials used in bonded honeycomb structures intended for special applications

A

Stainless steel, titanium, magnesium, plywood, glass, nylon, and cotton cloth

27
Q

Describe the construction of a bonded honeycomb structure

A

It is a laminated structure that has a solid facing bonded to either side of a core consisting of open, six-sided cells

28
Q

What must be done with a damaged area in a bonded honeycomb structure prior to beginning repairs?

A

The area must first be inspected to determine the damaged area prior to completely removing the damaged materials

29
Q

A drill bit used for drilling composites should operate at approximately what speed?

A

Use an air-driven tool capable of a free speed of up to 20000 RPM

30
Q

What are the most common causes for delamination of a composite structure?

A

Sonic vibration, expansion of internal moisture, liquid leakage, and a manufacturing error

31
Q

What type of defect in, or damage to, a bonded honeycomb structure can be repaired using the potted repair method?

A

Filling the hole

32
Q

Name some of the factors that cause crazing in transparent plastic windows and windshields?

A

Exposure to ultraviolet light, stress, solvents, and improper handling

33
Q

How should a hole be drilled in Plexiglas to avoid damage to the hole when the drill breaks through to the underside?

A

Back up the plastic with a piece of wood and feed the drill slowly