T1: Growth and Development: Toddler/Preschool Flashcards

1
Q

toddler: weight

A

weight is 4 times the birth rate by 2 ½ years

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2
Q

toddler: height

A

at 2 years height is 50% of future adult height

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3
Q

toddler: head circumference

A

19 ½ to 20 inches by 2 years; increases only 3 cm in second year; achieves 90% of adult-sized brain by 2 years

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4
Q

anterior fontanel closes by

A

18 months

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5
Q

Toddler gross motor skills 15 months

A

walks without help

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6
Q

Toddler gross motor skills 18 months

A

jumps in place

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7
Q

Toddler gross motor skills 24 months

A

-Goes up stairs (with 2 feet on each step)
-Runs fairly well (wide stance)

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8
Q

toddler fine motor development 15 months

A

-uses cup well
-builds tower of 2 blocks

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9
Q

toddler fine motor development 24-30 months

A

-holds crayon with fingers
-good hand finger coordination

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10
Q

toddler fine motor development 3 years

A

copies circle

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11
Q

binocular vision is well developed by

A

15 months

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12
Q

knows name and can refer to self by

A

12 months

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13
Q

follows simple directions by

A

2 years

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14
Q

Identifies geometric forms by

A

18 months

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15
Q

Uses short sentences by

A

18 months to 2 years

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16
Q

Remembers and repeats 3 numbers by

A

3 years

17
Q

Able to speak 300 words by

A

2 years

18
Q

Object permanence

A

knowledge that an object or person continues to exist when not seen, heard, or felt

19
Q

Ritualistic behavior

A

the toddler’s need to maintain sameness an reliability; provides sense of comfort

20
Q

Sibling Rivalry

A

often have an intense feelings of jealousy and envy toward a new sibling. Cannot understand that parents can love more than one child.

21
Q

teaching interventions for sibling rivalry

A

Teach parents to involve the toddler in caring for the baby/perform similar care on a doll and to make individual time just for the toddler.

22
Q

toddler: nutrition

A

-become picky eaters
-limit milk to less that 32 oz/day to prevent non-deficiency anemia
- avoid large pieces of food such as hot dogs, grapes, cherries, peanuts

23
Q

when can a toddler fully feed themself

A

3 years

24
Q

Deciduous teeth

A

The 20 teeth (baby teeth) that begin to erupt around the age of 6 months. Eventually pushed out by the permanent teeth.
-present by 2.5 to 3 years

25
Q

toddler: play

A

parallel
-Begins as imaginative and make-believe play; may imitate adults in play
-Provide blocks, wheel toys, push toys, puzzles, crayons to develop motor and coordination abilities
-Enjoy repetitive stories and short song with rhythm

26
Q

preschool: weight

A

growth is slow and steady; gains 4 to 5 pounds/year

27
Q

preschool: height

A

increases 2 to 3 inches/year

28
Q

motor development: 3 years

A

Rides tricycle

29
Q

motor development: 4 years

A

Skips and hops on one foot

30
Q

motor development: 5 years

A

-Throws and catches ball well
-Balances on alternate feet

31
Q

how many words does a 5 year old know

A

2100 words

32
Q

preschool nutrition

A

-Similar to toddler’s eating patterns
-Demonstrates food preferences
-Influenced by others’ eating habits

33
Q

All children should be in a safety or booster seat until

A

8 years or 80 lbs. (height 4 ft., 9 in)

34
Q

play: preschool

A

associative
-Enjoys imitative and dramatic play
-common to have imaginary friends
-Imitates same-sex role in play
-Provide toys to develop motor and coordination skills (tricycle, clay, paints, swings, slides)
-Parental supervision of television
-Enjoys “sing-along” song with rhythm