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Bio > Topic 4 > Flashcards

Topic 4 Flashcards

1
Q

adaptation

A

changes organisms undergo to become more suited to their environment

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2
Q

anatomical adptn

A

changes to physical features of an organism to help it cope with factors in its environment

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3
Q

behavioural adptn

A

the ways in which an organism acts differently to cope with factors in its environment

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4
Q

physiological adptn

A

internal body changes that an organism undergoes to cope with factors in its environment

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5
Q

allele

A

alternative/ different
form/ version/ varation
of a gene

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6
Q

biodiversity

A

measure of the variety of life in an area

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7
Q

classification

A

a way of organising the variety of life based on relationships between organisms using differences and similarities in phenotypes and genotypes

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8
Q

evolution

A

the change in a populations INHERITED characteristics over MANY GENERATIONS

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9
Q

heterozygosity index

A

a measure of the proportion of a population which is heterozygotic /
measure of diversity within a species/ population

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10
Q

H=

A

number of heterozygotes/ number of individuals in population

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11
Q

niche

A

position occupied by an organism in its ecosystem

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12
Q

species

A

organisms that are able to breed together to produce fertile offspring

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13
Q

species richness

A

number of different species in a habitat

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14
Q

natural selection geo iso speciation

A

geo iso / change
selection pressures act differently in diff areas
different allele frequencies within populations
evolution leading to formation of new species

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15
Q

decr pop due to iso

A

endangerment due to only one pop of partic species
vulnerable to inbreeding depression
natural disaster/disease/ predation/ other natural pressures
may become extinct

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16
Q

measuring biodiversity

A

counting species-> no of individuals per species
diversity index
genetic diversity of populations/ species
rare species
species richness

17
Q

hardy weinberg eq

A

used to estimate frequency of alleles in a population
also can monitor changes in allele frequency

18
Q

HW full equation

A

p + q= 1
q^2 + 2pq + p^2 = 1

19
Q

conditions of HW eq

A

no mutations
random mating
large population
isolated population
no selection pressure

20
Q

molecular phylogeny

A

analysis of molecular differences in different organisms to determine the extent of their evolutionary relationship

21
Q

cellulose monomer

A

beta glucose

22
Q

how are these monomers are held together in a
cellulose molecule?

A

glycosidic bonds
unbranched chain

23
Q

calcium pectate

A

in matrix microfibrils are embedded in
middle lamella

24
Q

structure of cellulose molecule

A

polymer of beta glucose
1,4 glycosidic bonds
every other monomer inverted
6 carbon atoms in monomer
no additional side chains

25
Q

starch structure

A

polysaccharide of alpha glucose
1,4 glycosidic links
unbranched and branched chains/ amylose and amylopectin
branches joined to chains by 1,6 glycosidic links

26
Q

glycogen features

A

1,4 and 1,6 glycosidic bonds
branched

27
Q

endangered species

A

species threatened with extinction

28
Q

cons of endangered species

A

keep in natural habitat- provide support system there- national/ marine park
capture species and keep in captivity - zoos/ botanic garden

29
Q

conservation

A

protection and management of species for future generations

30
Q

seed bank

A

facility conserving plant diversity by drying and storing seeds in a temp controlled env

31
Q

adv of seed bank

A

cost effective to store seeds
space efficient
less labour intensive
seeds can be stored anywhere
less vulnerable to disease/ natural disaster/ vandalism

32
Q

disad of seed bank

A

testing seeds for viability is exp and time consuming
too expensive to store all types of seeds and test all for viability
challenging to collect seeds from plants growing in remote habitats

33
Q

adv of zoo

A

very helpful for research
animals can be easily studied/ observed compared to being done in wild
educate public ab conservation/ endangered species

34
Q

disad zoos

A

may reduce genetic diversity
some animals wont breed in captivity
animals may have v specific needs (habitat) which zoos cannot provide
animals will have diff behaviours in captivity vs wild
- studies may not be accurate

35
Q

reintroduction to wild adv

A

prevent extinction in wild
organisms may rely on plants/animals for food
restores degraded habitats

36
Q

reintroduction disadv

A

may carry new diseases
animals lack ability to find food/communicate/ escape being hunted

Bio (18 decks)

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