NGT

Question 1

recommended amount of a nutrient that appears sufficient to maintain a specific body function for 50% of the population based on age and gender.

Answer 1

estimated average requirement (EAR)

Question 2

present evidence-based criteria for an acceptable range of amounts of vitamins and nutrients for each gender and age-group.

Answer 2

Dietary reference intakes (DRIs)

Question 3

represents the average needs of 98% of the population, not the exact needs of the individual.

Answer 3

Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA)

Question 4

the suggested intake for individuals based on observed or experimentally determined estimates of nutrient intakes and is used when there is not enough evidence to set the RDA.

Answer 4

Adequate Intake (AI)

Question 5

the highest level that likely poses no risk of adverse health events.

Answer 5

Upper Intake Level (UL)

Question 6

5 major food guidelines

Answer 6

Grains, vegetables, fruits, dairy, protein

Question 7

5 Alternative food patterns

Answer 7

• Ovolactovegetarian (avoids meat, fish, and poultry, but eats eggs and milk).
• Lactovegetarian (drinks milk but avoids eggs)
• Vegan (consumes only plant foods)
• Zen macrobiotic (brown rice, other
  grains, and herb tea)
• Fruitarian (consumes fruit, nuts,
  honey, and olive oil).

Question 8

provides nutrients into the GI tract.
It is the preferred method of meeting nutritional needs if a patient is unable to swallow or take in nutrients orally yet has a functioning GI tract.

Answer 8

Enteral nutrition / tube feeding

Question 9

4 types of enteral formula

Answer 9

Polymeric 1-2 kcal/mL - milk based blenderized foods

Modular formula 3.8 - 4 kcal/mL - consists of single macronutrient

Elemental formula 1-3 kcal/mL - predigested nutrients that are easier for a partially dysfunctional GI tract to absorb.

Specialty formula 1-2 kcal/mL - designed to meet specific nutritional needs in certain illnesses

Question 10

are used when patients begin to eat a normal diet but still need additional nutritional support

Answer 10

Cyclical feedings

Question 11

are used with patients who are unable to ingest food but maintain the ability to digest and absorb nutrients.

Answer 11

Enteral access tube

Question 12

Nutrients are provided intravenously.
Patients unable to digest or absorb enteral nutrition or are in highly stressed
physiological states.

Answer 12

Parenteral tube feeding

Question 13

2 types of parenteral solutions

Answer 13

Crystalloid solutions - electrolytes
Colloid solutions - Large molecules that are unable to pass through semipermeable membranes

Question 14

ABDC Data

Answer 14

anthropometric, biochemical, clinical,
and dietary.

Question 15

clear fat-free broth, bouillon, coffee, tea, carbonated beverages, clear fruit juices, gelatin, fruit ices, popsicles.

Answer 15

Clear Liquid

Question 16

as for clear liquid with addition of smooth-textured dairy products (e.g., ice cream), strained or blended cream soups, custards, refined cooked cereals, vegetable juice, pureed vegetables, all fruit juices, sherbets, puddings, frozen yogurt.

Answer 16

Full liquid

Question 17

for clear and full liquid, with addition of scrambled eggs, pureed meats, vegetables, and fruits, mashed potatoes, and gravy.

Answer 17

Dysphagia stages, thickened liquids, pureed

Question 18

as for clear and full liquid and pureed, with addition of all cream soups, ground, or finely diced meats, flaked fish, cottage cheese, cheese, rice, potatoes, pancakes, light breads, cooked vegetables, cooked or canned fruits, bananas, soups, peanut butter, eggs (not fried).

Answer 18

Mechanical Soft

Question 19

addition of low-fiber, easily digested foods such as pastas, casseroles, moist tender meats, and canned cooked fruits and vegetables, desserts, cakes, and cookies without nuts or coconut.

Answer 19

Soft/low residue

Question 20

addition of fresh uncooked fruits, steamed vegetables, bran, oatmeal, and dried fruits.

Answer 20

High fiber

Question 21

4-g (no added salt), 2-g, 1-g, or 500- mg sodium diets, vary from no-added-salt to severe sodium restriction which requires selective food purchases.

Answer 21

Low sodium

Question 22

4-g (no added salt), 2-g, 1-g, or 500- mg sodium diets, vary from no-added-salt to severe sodium restriction which requires selective food purchases.

Answer 22

Low sodium

Question 23

300mg/day cholesterol, in keeping with American Heart Association guidelines for serum lipid reduction.

Answer 23

Low cholesterol

Question 24

American Diabetes Association; focus on total energy, nutrient, and food distribution; include a balanced intake of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins; varied caloric recommendations to accommodate patient’s metabolic demands.

Answer 24

Diabetic

Question 25

eliminates wheat, oats, rye, barley, and their derivatives.

Answer 25

Gluten Free

Question 26

no restrictions unless specified.

Answer 26

Regular

Question 27

A rare but potentially fatal complication of tube feeding.

Answer 27

Refeeding Syndrome

Question 28

intravenous infusion of dextrose, water, fat, proteins, electrolytes, vitamins, and trace elements.

Answer 28

Intravenous Hyperalimentation