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Biology 9 > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Organism

A

A living thing

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2
Q

Movement

A

An action by an organism or part of an organism causing a change of position or place

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3
Q

Respiration

A

The chemical reaction in cells that break down turn glucose and oxygen into water, carbon dioxide, and energy for metabolism

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4
Q

Metabolism

A

chemical reactions that take place in living organisms

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5
Q

Sensitivity

A

The ability to detect and respond to changes in the internal or external environment

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6
Q

Growth

A

A permanent increase in size and dry mass

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7
Q

ry

Name the five kingdoms

A

Plant, Animal, Fungus, Prokaryotic, Protoctist

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8
Q

Dry mass

A

The mass of an organism after it has been killed and all the water removed from it

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9
Q

R

Reproduction

A

The process that makes more of the same kind of organism

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10
Q

Excretion

A

The removal of waste products of metabolism and excess substances

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11
Q

Nutrition

A

The taking in of materials for energy, growth, and development

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12
Q

Species

A

A group of organisms that can produce fertile offspring

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13
Q

Fertile/infertile

A

Able to reproduce/not able to reproduce

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14
Q

Genus

A

A group of species that share similar features and a common ancestor

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15
Q

Organic substances

A

substances whose molecules contain carbon, and are made by living things

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16
Q

Chlorophyll

A

Green pigment that absorbs energy from light to perform photosynthesis. Found in chloroplasts.

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17
Q

Cellulose

A

A carbohydrate made up of fibers in a crisscrossing pattern, makes up the cell wall of plants

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18
Q

Hyphae

A

Microscopic filaments, made of cells linked in a long line, that make up the main body of a fungus

19
Q

Decomposers

A

Organism that break down organic substances outside their bodies and release the nutrients for other organisms to use

20
Q

Pinna

A

Flap on the ouside of the body that directs sound into the ear

21
Q

Placenta

A

An organ that connects the growing fetus to its mother

22
Q

Mammary glands

A

Organs which produce milk to feed young

23
Q

Exoskeleton

A

Supportive structure on the outside of the body

24
Q

Terrestrial

A

Living on land

25
Q

Vestigial

A

Evolutionarily obsolete

26
Q

Characteristics of an animal cell

A

Nucleus, no cell walls, no chloroplasts

27
Q

Characteristics of a plant cell

A

Nucleus, cell wall made of cellulose, often contain chloroplasts

27
Q

How do animals feed?

A

Organic substances (made by other living organisms)

27
Q

How do plants feed?

A

Photosynthesis

27
Q

How do fungi feed?

A

Saprophytically – They digest organic waste material and absorb it into their cells

28
Q

Characteristics of fungus cells

A

Nucleus, non-cellulose cell walls, no chloroplasts

28
Q

Decomposer

A

Organism that breaks down organic substances outside its body and releases the nutrients that other organisms use (ex, fungi return nutrients to soil)

28
Q

Characteristics of protoctists

A

Nucleus, may or may not have cell walls and chloroplasts

29
Q
A
30
Q

Features of dicots

A
  • flower parts in multiples of 4 or 5
  • two cotyledons (seed leaves)
  • vascular bundles arranged in a ring in stem
  • main root with branching side roots
  • network of veins in leaves
30
Q

Characteristics of prokaryotic cells

A

No nucleus (instead a circular loop of DNA free in the cytoplasm), cell walls made of peptidoglycan, no mitochondria, often have plasmids

30
Q

How do protoctists feed?

A

Some feed by photosynthesis, others by organic substances made by other organisms

30
Q

Parts of an arachnid

A

Cephalothorax, abdomen

30
Q

Parts of an insect

A

Head, thorax, abdomen

31
Q

Features of monocots

A
  • flower parts in multiples of 3
  • one cotyledon
  • vascular bundles arranged randomly in stem
  • roots branch directly from stem of plant
  • parallel veins in leaves
32
Q

Characteristics of ferns

A

Roots, stems, fronds, no flowers, spores on the underside of fronds to reproduce

33
Q

Features of viruses

A

RNA, protein coat, antigens

34
Q

Virus infection sequence

A

Virus penetrates cell, releases genetic material, cell produces virus components, virus particles are assemnle, cell bursts, virus particles are relased, attach themselves to a new cell, the cycle repeats

Biology 9 (8 decks)

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