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Classes > Psych Test 3 > Flashcards

Psych Test 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Consciousness

A

a person’s subjective experience of the world and mind

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2
Q

Problem of other minds

A

the difficulty we have in
perceiving the consciousness of others. Meaning there isn’t a way to tell if someone experienced something the same way you did

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3
Q

Four properties of consciousness

A

Intentionality
Unity
Selectivity
Transience

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4
Q

Intentionality

A

being directed towards an object

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5
Q

Unity

A

resistance to division, ability to integrate information of all the body’s
senses into a coherent whole

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6
Q

Selectivity

A

capacity to include some objects but not others. The cocktail party phenomenon

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7
Q

Transience

A

has tendency to change

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8
Q

Minimal consciousness

A

low-level kind of sensory
awareness and responsiveness; the mind inputs sensations and may output behavior. Such as reflexes, automated or routine behaviors,
vegetative state responses

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9
Q

Full consciousness

A

You know and can report your full mental state

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10
Q

Self-consciousness

A

a person’s attention is drawn to the self as an object

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11
Q

Dual process theories

A

we have two different systems in our brains for processing information

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12
Q

system 1

A

dedicated to fast, automatic, and unconscious processing

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13
Q

system 2

A

dedicated to slow, effortful, and conscious processing

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14
Q

sleep

A

state of unconsciousness

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15
Q

Dream consciousness

A

altered state of consciousness

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16
Q

What will a full awake persons EEG show?

A

The EEG will show beta activity which are low amplitude waves with high frequency

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17
Q

Stage 1 of sleep

A

close eyes and relax=alpha waves
once asleep=theta waves

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18
Q

Stage 2 of sleep

A

-sleep spindles
-K-complexes- sharp negative potential
-people woken up may deny being asleep

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19
Q

Stage 3/4

A

slow wave sleep (SWS)
Delta waves
Deepest sleep

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20
Q

REM (rapid-eye movement) Sleep

A

-EEG activity similar to when we’re
awake
-Eyes are moving, but ALL other muscles are deeply relaxed

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21
Q

Paradoxical sleep

A

brain looks very active, but muscles are completely relaxed and not moving

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22
Q

The effects of sleep deprivation

A
  • Negatively affects learning and
    memory
  • Reduces mental acuity and
    reaction time, increased irritability
    and depression, increases risks of
    accidents and injury
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23
Q

Freud

A

dreams have meaning

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24
Q

Activation-synthesis model

A

brain trying to make sense of random neural activity during sleep which is when dreaming happens

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25
Q

What makes up the Peripheral Nervous System?

A

The somatic and autonomic nervous system

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26
Q

somatic nervous system

A

-set of nerves that convey information between voluntary muscles and the CNS
-conscious control

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27
Q

Autonomic nervous system

A

-set of nerves that carries
involuntary and automatic commands that control
internal organs
-no conscious control

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28
Q

What makes up the autonomic nervous system?

A

Sympathetic and Parasympathetic

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29
Q

Sympathetic nervous system

A

set of nerves that prepare the body for action in challenging or threatening situations. Your flight or fight

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30
Q

What effects does the Sympathetic nervous system have on internal organs?

A

Pupils dilate
Heart rate fastens
digestion stops
bladder relaxes
airways dilate

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31
Q

Parasympathetic nervous system

A

helps the body return to a normal
resting state. Rest and Digest

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32
Q

What effects does the parasympathetic nervous system have on internal organs?

A

heart rate slows
stomach digests
bladder constricts
pupils constrict

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33
Q

What makes up the central nervous system?

A

The brain and spinal cord

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34
Q

The spinal cord

A

has nerves that process sensory information and relay motor commands to the body

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35
Q

What makes up the hindbrain?

A

Cerebellum
Pons
Medulla

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36
Q

Cerebellum

A

motor coordination and control;
some types of learning

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37
Q

Pons

A

motor control, sensory input, sleep cycles

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38
Q

Medulla

A

respiration, heart rate, blood pressure

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39
Q

What makes up the brainstem?

A

midbrain, pons, medulla

40
Q

What makes up the midbrain?

A

The tectum and Tegmentum

41
Q

Tectum

A

orients you to your
environment

42
Q

tegmentum

A

involved in movement and arousal, pain perception; also helps orient
toward sensory stimuli

43
Q

What makes up the forebrain?

A

Cerebral cortex

44
Q

What makes up the cerebral cortex?

A

Two hemispheres, four lobes, parietal lobe, temporal lobe, frontal lobe, and occipital lobe

45
Q

Occipital lobe

A

processes visual information

46
Q

Temporal lobe

A

hearing and language

47
Q

Parietal lobe

A

processes information about
touch

48
Q

Frontal lobe

A

movement, abstract thinking,
planning, memory, judgment

49
Q

Primary area

A

Primary areas extract information

50
Q

Association areas

A

Association areas interpret it

51
Q

Primary visual cortex (V1)

A

-Detect horizontal features of the environment
-Detect movement
-Process information about visual stimuli

52
Q

Basal ganglia

A

Voluntary movement, initiation and
coordination of movement

53
Q

Amygdala

A

emotional regulation, perception of odor, threat detection

54
Q

Hippocampus

A

learning, long-term
memory

55
Q

Thalamus

A

a cluster of nuclei that relay sensory information. ALL sensory information
(except smell) goes through
the thalamus

56
Q

Hypothalamus

A

hunger, thirst, temperature
regulation, sexual arousal, and
others. Controls the pituitary gland

57
Q

Phineas Gage

A

Railroad spike accident that caused major personality change

58
Q

feedback loop

A

Seizures that start in one hemisphere can travel via corpus callosum to other hemisphere

59
Q

Split-brain procedure

A

corpus callosum is severed

60
Q

EEG: electroencephalogram

A

Records electrical activity in the brain

61
Q

Functional brain imaging

A

Detects difference between oxygenated hemoglobin and deoxygenated hemoglobin

62
Q

Neurons

A

cells in the nervous system that
communicate with each other to perform information-processing tasks

63
Q

Synapse

A

space between neurons

64
Q

Electrical signal

A

travel within the neuron (action potential)

65
Q

Chemical signal

A

transmitted between neurons

66
Q

Cell membrane

A

has pores that allow ions to pass in and out of the neuron

67
Q

Ions

A

electrically charged molecules

68
Q

Resting potential

A

difference in
electric charge between the
inside and outside of cell
membrane

69
Q

What does it mean when a neuron is polarized?

A

has a negative charge

70
Q

Neuron at rest

A

Na+ outside>inside
K+ outside<inside

71
Q

Net result

A

inside more negative than outside

72
Q

Action potential

A

an electric signal
that is conducted along the length of
a neuron’s axon to a synapse

73
Q

Depolarization

A

inside of neuron becomes less negative (more positive)

74
Q

When does an action potential happen?

A

depolarization
resting potential goes from -65 to -40

75
Q

What are the Na+ channels doing during resting potential?

A

Na+ channels are
closed

76
Q

What are the Na+ channels doing during threshold potential?

A

Na+ channels open

77
Q

All-or-none

A

action potential either
fires OR does not fire at all

78
Q

saltatory conduction

A

Domino effect down the
axon. Na+ channels all along
axon OPEN

79
Q

Refractory period

A

the time
following an action potential
during which a new action
potential cannot be initiated

80
Q

What happens when you return to resting potential?

A

Na+ channels close and K+ open

81
Q

The process for chemical signaling?

A

Neurotransmitter molecules move
across synapse
Receptors receive NTs and
either initiate or prevent a new
electric signal

82
Q

What happens when neurotransmitters leave the synapse?

A

Reuptake, broken down by enzymes and then diffusion

83
Q

Reuptake

A

absorbed back into the
presynaptic neuron

84
Q

Diffusion

A

drift out of a synapse,
away from receptors

85
Q

Glutamate

A

excitatory that enhances transmission of information between neurons

86
Q

GABA

A

inhibitory that prevents the firing of neurons

87
Q

Acetylcholine (ACh)

A

voluntary motor control, attention,
learning, sleeping, dreaming, and memory

88
Q

Dopamine

A

regulating motor behavior, motivation, emotional arousal

89
Q

Norepinephrine (noradrenaline)

A

states of vigilance
or heightened awareness of danger

90
Q

Serotonin

A

regulation of sleep, wakefulness, eating,
and aggressive behavior

91
Q

Endorphins

A

dull experience of pain, elevate moods

92
Q

dendrites

A

recieve info from other neurons

93
Q

cell body

A

integrates info

94
Q

axon

A

info travels down

95
Q

axon terminals

A

send info

96
Q

myelin sheath

A

allows info to be sent faster

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