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cellular respiration > Energy and ATP > Flashcards

Energy and ATP Flashcards

1
Q

What is Metabolism

A
  • The sum of all reactions in the body
  • an organized by chaotic assembly line of enzymes and proteins that make the chemical reactions
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2
Q

What are the causes of inherited metabolism disorders

A

an enzyme that isnt produced by the body at all or is produced in a form that doesn’t work

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3
Q

What does metabolism impact

A
  • impacts the health and functions of a cell and the mitochondria
  • directly and often affects the Endocrine system (diabetes, Chronic fatigue, inherited causes)
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4
Q

What is the Endocrine system

A

a system of hormones that relay a message around the body to coordinate our activity and response to stimuli

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5
Q

What is cellular respiration

A
  • a series or pathway of chemical reactions that convert potential chemical energy into usable chemical energy (ATP)
  • relies on oxygen and glucose
  • glucose is prefered but proteins and lipids can also be used
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6
Q

cellular respiration is _____ and _____ by enzymes

A

controlled and guided

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7
Q

What do we need energy for

A
  • synthesis or breakdown of molecules
  • cellular function
  • reproduction
  • movement
  • active transport
  • temp regulation
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8
Q

What must organism continuously do

A

capture, store, and use energy in order to carry out numerous functions and processes

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9
Q

How is biological energy stored

A

chemical potential energy in the bond that hold molecules together

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10
Q

In every energy transfer or conversion

A

some of the useful energy in the system becomes unusable

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11
Q

What is the anabolic reaction

A
  • reaction that builds molecules (condensation reaction, photosynthesis)
  • requires an net input of energy - endergonic
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12
Q

what is endergonic

A

energy is stored in the bonds of the molecules

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13
Q

What is the catabolic reaction

A

a reaction that breaks down molecules (hydrolsis reaction)

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14
Q

What is exergonic

A

stored energy is released and bonds are broken down

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15
Q

What is an example of cell coupling reactions together

A

an exergonic reaction supplies the energy needed for an endergonic reaction

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16
Q

What is the adenosine triphosphate

A

energy is stored in the bonds between the phosphate group

17
Q

What is ATP made up of and used for

A
  • ribose
  • adenosine
  • 3 phosphate groups

used for a source of energy by living cells

18
Q

How do the terminal phosphate groups break off

A

energy that is released from the ATP

19
Q

How does ATP store energy

A
  • each negative phosphate group is hard to add in the chain of phosphate links
  • there is stored energy between every link
  • The most energy is stored in Phosphate 3 and it is also the most difficult to keep bonded to a molecule
  • the bonding of negative phosphate groups is unstable therefore they pop off easily and release energy
  • this makes ATP great energy donors
20
Q

How does ATP transfer energy

A
  • by de-phosphorylating or dumping of the 3rd phosphate group. It releases energy and can fuel other reactions
21
Q

What is de-phosporylation

A

released phosphate can transfer to other molecules. this can destabilize the molecule due to the EN
- an enzyme that phosphorylates is kinase

22
Q

Explain the ATP/ADP cycle

A
  • dose not store ATP
  • transfers phosphate easily
  • Only short term energy storage
23
Q

How is ATP produced

A
  • phosphorylation - adding phosphate groups
  • ADP can phosphorylate from ATP
24
Q

Explain the substrate-level phosphorylation

A
  • an enzyme is used to phosphorylate ADP
  • occurs during glycolysis and citric acid cycle (cellular respiration)
25
Q

Explain oxidative phosphorylation

A
  • ATP is formed indirectly through a series of redox reaction
  • occurs during the Electron Transport Chain
  • the hydrogen will move back in to the matrix of the mitochondria via the ATP synthase
  • ATP synthase cuples the movement of the hydrogen with the phosphorylation of ATP
26
Q

What is the redox reaction

A

used to create protein gradient in the membrane of the mitochondria

27
Q

What does the endergonic reaction do

A

regenerate the ATP

28
Q

What does the energy from the exergonic reaction do

A

the energy come from the exergonic reaction (cellular respiration) as food is broken down

cellular respiration (5 decks)

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