Respiratory meds Flashcards
1
Q
Two main classes of drugs for asthma
A
- Bronchodilators
- anti inflammatory agents
2
Q
Types of bronchodilators
A
- B2 adrenergic agonist
- Methylxanthines
- anticholinergics
3
Q
MoA B2 Adrenergic agonists
A
- relaxes smooth muscle –> bronchodilation
- increase ciliary motility –> mucus clearance
- suppress histamine release
- increase myocardial conductivity
4
Q
Albuterol
A
- short acting beta2 agonist ; inhaled
- quick relief of acute bronchospasm; prevention of exercise induced bronchospasm
5
Q
levalbuterol
A
- short acting beta2 agonist; inhaled
- quick relief of acute bronchospasm; prevention of exercise induced bronchospasm
6
Q
Terbutaline
A
- short acting beta2 agonist; inhaled
- SQ/IV for fetal distress, suppress pre-term labor
7
Q
Salmeterol
A
- long acting beta2 agonist; inhaled
- commonly used with fluticasone (ICS)
- decreases s/s and risk of exacerbations, improves lung fxn
8
Q
Formoterol
A
- long acting beta2 agonist; inhaled
- commonly used with budesonide (ICS)
- decreases s/s and risk of exacerbations, improves lung fxn
9
Q
AEs of B2 agonist (short acting)
A
- well-tolerated
- tachy, angina, tremors
10
Q
AEs of B2 agonist (long acting)
A
- must be combined with ICS in persistent asthma
- discontinue LABA is possible once asthma control achieved
11
Q
MoA of Methylxanthines
A
- release of Epi in adrenal medulla –> smooth muscle relaxation of bronchi
- improved resp muscle
- increases cardiac output and mucus clearance
- decreased airway inflammation
12
Q
Theophylline
A
- methylxanthine; inhaled
- narrow therapeutic index
- SE’s: insomnia, N/V, Toxicity = tachycardia and convulsions
13
Q
Theophylline toxicity risk
A
- increase risk of toxicity with CYP1A2 and 3A4 inhibitors
- ex. propranolol, ciprofloxacin, LT modifiers, caffeine
14
Q
MoA of anticholinergics
A
- block muscarinic receptors –> bronchodilation
- block bronchoconstriction
- off label asthma, mostly for COPD
15
Q
Ipratroprium bromide
A
- short acting inhaled anti-cholinergic agent
- used in combo with SABA albuterol
16
Q
Tiotropium Bromide
A
- long acting inhaled anti-cholinergic agent
17
Q
AEs of anticholinergic agents
A
- dry mouth
- constipation
- urinary retention
- blurred vision
- tachy
18
Q
Types of anti-inflammatory drugs
A
- steroidal/non-steroidal
- leukotriene modifiers
- biologics
19
Q
MoA of Corticosteroid
A
- decreased levels of inflammatory mediators
- decreased airway edema, mucus production/hypersecretion
20
Q
Fluticasone
A
- inhaled corticosteroid/glucocorticoid
- paired with LABA salmeterol
- most effective anti-asthma