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Med Term > Chapter 9: Blood, Lymph, and Immune (Exam 2) > Flashcards

Chapter 9: Blood, Lymph, and Immune (Exam 2) Flashcards

1
Q

aden/o

A

gland

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2
Q

agglutin/o

A

clumping, gluing

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3
Q

blast/o

A

embryonic cell

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4
Q

chrom/o

A

color

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5
Q

erythr/o

A

red

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6
Q

granul/o

A

granule

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7
Q

hem/o
hemat/o

A

blood

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8
Q

immun/o

A

immune, immunity, safe

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9
Q

leuk/o

A

white

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10
Q

lymph/o

A

lymph

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11
Q

lymphaden/o

A

lymph gland (node)

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12
Q

lymphangi/o

A

lymph vessel

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13
Q

morph/o

A

form, shape, structure

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14
Q

myel/o

A

bone marrow; spinal cord

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15
Q

nucle/o

A

nucleus

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16
Q

phag/o

A

swallowing, eating

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17
Q

poikil/o

A

varied, irregular

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18
Q

ser/o

A

serum

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19
Q

sider/o

A

iron

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20
Q

splen/o

A

spleen

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21
Q

thromb/o

A

blood clot

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22
Q

-blast

A

embryonic cell

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23
Q

thym/o

A

thymus gland

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24
Q

-globin

A

protein

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25
Q

-penia

A

decrease, deficiency

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26
Q

-phil

A

attraction for

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27
Q

-phylaxis

A

protection

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28
Q

-poiesis

A

formation, production

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29
Q

-stasis

A

standing still

30
Q

aniso-

A

unequal, dissimilar

31
Q

acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)

A

infectious disease caused by the HIV virus that destroys the CD4 cells of the immune system to such an extent that the patient falls victim to infections that usually do not affect healthy individuals

32
Q

coagulation disorders

A

any disruption or impairment in the ability to form blood clots or control bleeding

33
Q

disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)

A

abnormal blood clotting in small vessels throughout the body that cuts off the supply of oxygen to distal tissues, resulting in damage to body organs

34
Q

hemophilia

A

congenital hereditary disorder characterized by a deficiency in clotting factor VIII (Hemophilia A) or clotting factor IX (hemophilia B), resulting in prolonged bleeding
- bleeder’s disease

35
Q

thrombocytopenia

A

abnormal decrease in platelets caused by low production of platelets or their increased destruction in the blood vessels, spleen, or liver

36
Q

graft rejection

A

process in which a recipient’s immune system identifies the transplanted graft as “foreign” and attacks or destroys it

37
Q

graft versus host disease (GVHD)

A

complication that occurs following a stem cell or bone marrow transplant in which the transplant produces antibodies against the recipient’s organs, commonly severe enough to cause death

38
Q

hemoglobinopathy

A

any disorder caused by abnormalities in the hemoglobin molecule

39
Q

infectious mononucleosis

A

acute infectious disease caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) that primarily affects young adults and children and causes fatigue, malaise, sore throat, and lymphadenopathy of the neck or armpits
- mono
- kissing disease

40
Q

Kaposi Sarcoma (KS)

A

cancer caused by the human herpes virus 8 that mainly affects the skin and mucous membranes but may also cause extensive visceral organ involvement
- malignant neoplasm of soft tissue

41
Q

lymphedema

A

swelling, primarily in a single arm or leg, resulting from an accumulation of lymph within tissues caused by obstruction or disease in the lymph vessels

42
Q

lymphoma

A

any malignancy involving lymphocytes that commonly affects lymph nodes and other lymphatic tissue

43
Q

Hodgkin lymphoma (HL)

A

malignancy of B cells that occurs in lymph nodes of the neck or chest and may spread to nearby lymph nodes and the spleen and sometimes to the bone marrow
- classical Hodgkin lymphoma
- Hodgkin disease

44
Q

Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL)

A

any malignancy of B cells, T cells, of NK cells that does not involve Reed-Sternberg cells

45
Q

multiple myeloma

A

malignancy of the bone marrow that affects plasma cells, leading to proliferation of abnormal antibodies, destruction of healthy bone marrow cells, and weakening of bone tissue

46
Q

sepsis

A

presence of bacteria or their toxins in the blood
- septicemia
- blood poisoning

47
Q

systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)

A

widespread autoimmune disease that affects the skin, brain, kidneys, and joints and causes chronic inflammation
- discoid lupus if symptoms are limited to the skin

48
Q

thrombocythemia

A

overproduction of platelets, leading to thrombosis or bleeding disorders as a result of platelet malformations

49
Q

antinuclear antibody (ANA)

A

test that identifies the antibodies that attack the nucleus of the individuals own body cells (autoantibodies)

50
Q

blood culture

A

test to determine the presence of pathogens in the bloodstream

51
Q

complete blood count (CBC)

A

series of tests that includes hemoglobin, hematocrit, red and white blood cell counts, platelet count, and differential (diff) count
- hemogram

52
Q

monospot

A

nonspecific rapid serological test for the presence of the heterophile antibody, which develops several days after infection by Epstein-Barr virus, the organism that causes infectious mononucleosis

53
Q

partial thromboplastin time (PTT)

A

screening test for deficiencies in clotting factors by measuring the length of time it takes blood to clot
- activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT)

54
Q

prothrombin time (PT)

A

test used to detect and diagnose bleeding disorders or excessive clotting disorders
- protime

55
Q

bone marrow magnetic resonance imagine (MRI)

A

highly sensitive imaging procedure that detects lesions and changes in bone marrow, especially in diagnosing multiple myeloma

56
Q

lymphangiography

A

visualization of lymph channels and lymph nodes using a contrast medium to determine blockages or other pathologies of the lymphatic system

57
Q

lymphoscintigraphy

A

introduction of a radioactive tracer into the lymph channels to determine lymph flow, identify obstructions, and locate the sentinel node

58
Q

bone marrow aspiration

A

removal of bone marrow (usually from the pelvis) for microscopic examination using a thin aspirating needle

59
Q

bone marrow transplant (BMT)

A

infusion of healthy bone marrow stem cells after destroying the diseased bone marrow by chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or both and commonly used to. treat leukemia, aplastic anemia, and certain cancers
- stem cell transplant

60
Q

lymphadenectomy

A

removal of lymph nodes, especially in surgical procedures undertaken to remove malignant tissue, in an effort to control the spread of cancer

61
Q

sentinel node excision

A

removal of the first node (sentinel node) that receives drainage from cancer-containing areas and the one most likely to contain malignant cells

62
Q

immunotherapy

A

any form of treatment that alters, enhances, stimulates, or restores the body’s own natural immune mechanisms to treat diseases
- biological therapy

63
Q

immunoglobulin (IG) therapy

A

treatment using antibody mixtures, administered via intravenous, subcutaneous, or intramuscular routes

64
Q

plasmapheresis

A

dialysis procedure that removes and discards the patient’s plasma containing the autoantibodies responsible for tissue destruction in autoimmunity and returns the blood cells to the patient suspended in the plasma of a donor

65
Q

transfusion

A

infusion of blood or blood products from one person (donor) to another (recipient)

66
Q

iron deficiency anemia

A

decrease in RBCs caused by insufficient iron in the diet; large, central paleness in RBCs on microscopic examination; most common anemia in the United States

67
Q

pernicious anemia

A

caused by inadequate levels of vitamin B12 needed for RBC development; commonly the result of insufficient amount of intrinsic factor needed for vitamin B12 absorption; characteristic formation of large, abnormal RBCs

68
Q

sickle cell anemia

A

hereditary form of anemia in which RBCs take on an abnormal shape (crescent); preventing them from passing through blood vessels

69
Q

leukemia

A

malignancy of the bone marrow; proliferation of WBCs that are unable to carry on their normal function; crowding out of RBCs and platelets by WBCs, leading to anemia and bruising and bleeding problems; acute and chronic forms

70
Q

thrombocytopenia

A

deficiency in the number of circulatory platelets; most common cause of hemorrhagic disorders; serious threat to hemostasis because of the vital role that platelets play in coagulation

Med Term (17 decks)

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