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Rakeem's Cardiology > ECG > Flashcards

ECG Flashcards

1
Q

What is an ECG?

A

An Electrocardiogram is a test used to measure the electrical changes of the heart muscle

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2
Q

What happens during the P wave?

A

Atrial depolarisation

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3
Q

What happens during the QRS complex?

A

Ventricular depolarisation
(atrial repolarisation)

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4
Q

What happens during the T wave?

A

Ventricular repolarisation

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5
Q

What happens during the U wave?

A

Unknown (repolarisation of Purkinje fibres?) – rarely seen

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6
Q

What does 1 small square represent on ECG paper?

A

0.04s / 40ms

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7
Q

What does 1 large square represent on ECG paper?

A

0.2s / 200ms

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8
Q

How do you calculate HR?

A

300 / No. of large squares

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9
Q

How long is a normal PR interval?

A

120-220ms

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10
Q

Describe the PR interval

A
  • Beginning of P wave to the beginning of QRS complex
  • The time taken for the signal to travel from the SAN to the ventricular muscle
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11
Q

How long is a normal QRS complex?

A

120ms

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12
Q

Describe the QRS complex

A

How long it takes for the signal to spread through the ventricles

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13
Q

Describe the QT interval

A
  • Beginning of the QRS to the end of the T wave
  • Time taken for ventricular depolarisation and repolarisation to occur
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14
Q

Describe the ST segment

A
  • End of the S wave to the beginning of the T wave
  • The period between ventricular depolarisation and repolarisation
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15
Q

What leads make up the 12 lead ECG and how many electrodes?

A

Made up of 6 limb leads (4 electrodes) and 6 chest leads (6 electrodes)

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16
Q

What plane do the limb leads look at the heart in?

A

Vertical

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17
Q

What plane do the chest leads look at the heart in?

A

Horizontal

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18
Q

Which limb leads look at the left lateral surface of the heart?

A

I, II, and VL

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19
Q

Which limb leads look at the inferior surface of the heart?

A

III and VF

20
Q

Which limb lead looks at the right atrium?

A

VR

21
Q

Which chest leads look at the right ventricle?

A

V1 and V2

22
Q

Which chest leads look at the septum, and anterior wall of the left ventricle?

A

V3 and V4

23
Q

Which chest leads look at the anterior and lateral walls of the left ventricle?

A

V5 and V6

24
Q

What do limb leads I, II and VL look at?

A

left lateral surface

25
Q

What do limb leads III, and VF look at?

A

inferior surface

26
Q

What does the limb lead VR look at?

A

right atrium

27
Q

What do chest leads V1 and V2 look at?

A

right ventricle

28
Q

What do chest leads V3 and V4 look at?

A

septum and anterior wall of the left ventricle

29
Q

What do chest leads V5 and V6 look at?

A

anterior and lateral walls of the left ventricle

30
Q

What is the rhythm strip?

A

will usually be taken from lead II, and it is a 10s reading from ONLY this lead

31
Q

What is a deflection?

A

A deflection is a move from baseline voltage (upwards or downwards)

32
Q

What does the deflection look like if a signal is moving towards an electrode?

A

the bigger deflection is positive

33
Q

What does the deflection look like if a signal is moving away from electrode?

A

the bigger deflection is negative

34
Q

What does the deflection look like if a signal is moving at right angles to an electrode?

A

the positive and negative deflections are the same

35
Q

How does the electricity normally flow?

A
  • normally goes from 11 o’clock to 5 o’clock, (VR to II)
  • Lead II will therefore usually show the clearest image of electrical conduction
36
Q

What happens to the axis if the right/left ventricle becomes hypertrophied?

A

the axis will swing to the side with the abnormality

37
Q

What will right axis deviation show up on ECG as?

A

Lead I with negative deflection

38
Q

What will left axis deviation show up on ECG as?

A

Lead III with negative deflection

39
Q

What area of the heart does left coronary artery supply?

A

Anterolateral

40
Q

Which ECG leads correspond to the left coronary artery?

A

I, aVL, V3-6

41
Q

What area of the heart does left anterior descending supply?

A

Anterior

42
Q

Which ECG leads correspond to the left anterior descending?

A

V1-4

43
Q

What area of the heart does the circumflex supply?

A

Lateral

44
Q

Which ECG leads correspond to the circumflex?

A

I, aVL, V5-6

45
Q

What area of the heart does the right coronary artery supply?

A

Inferior

46
Q

Which ECG leads correspond to the right coronary artery?

A

II, III, aVF

Rakeem's Cardiology (24 decks)

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