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Kinesiology (OCTH 521) Lecture > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

Shoulder Complex

1
Q

Ligaments near AC joint:

A
  1. Acromioclavicular
  2. Coracoacromia
  3. Coracoclavicular
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2
Q

Muscles connecting shoulder girdle to trunk:

A

Serratus Anterior
Trapezius (3 parts)
Rhomboids (Major &Minor)
Levator Scapulae
Pectoralis Minor

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3
Q

Shoulder girdle linear movements:

A
  1. Elevation
  2. Depression
  3. Retraction (ADD)
  4. Protraction (ABD)
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4
Q

Shoulder girdle rotational movements:

A
  1. Upward rotation
  2. Downward rotation
  3. Tilt (sort of)
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5
Q

Important to remember about the scapula:

A

Paralysis of one scapular muscle will cause functional limitations

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6
Q

Which muscle is paralyzed/weakened when the scapula “wings”?

A

Serratus Anterior

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7
Q

What shoulder girdle motion will a person with “wings” be unable to perform?

A

Upward rotation, protraction (Abduction)

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8
Q

Name the “Companion” Motionsshoulder joint (GH)/shoulder joint (GH)/shoulder girdle:

A
  • Abduction (Upward Rotation)
  • Horizontal Abduction (Retraction)
  • Horizontal ADD (Protraction)
  • Flexion (Upward Rot.,Pro)
    *ADDuction (Downward rotation)
    *Extension- starting insh. flexion (Downward rotation/retraction)
    *Hyperextension (Scapular tilt)
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9
Q

Muscles connecting the shoulder girdle to the humerus provide mobility and stability:

A

– Deltoid
– Subscapularis
– Supraspinatus
– Teres Major
– Infraspinatus
– Coraco Brachialis
– Teres Minor
– (Biceps & Triceps

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10
Q

Muscles from the trunk to the humerus provide mobility (with strength):

A

– Latissimus Dorsi
– Pectoralis Major

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11
Q

Joint Capsule’s role in joint integrity:

A

– Ligaments and tendons provide capsular reinforcement
– Joint capsule encases GH joint creating a vacuum

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12
Q

What happens when the medial deltoid contracts?

A

the subscapularis, infraspinatus, teres minor pulldown on the humerus just enough to prevent the humerus from hitting the roof of the acromion (socket)

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13
Q

The “SITS” muscles work as stabilizers for all . . .

A

major upper body motions

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14
Q

What are the SITS muscles?

A

Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus,Teres minor, and Subscapularis

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15
Q

muscles are involved in decelerating the arm during throwing motions

A

SITS

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16
Q

What are the primary external rotators of the arm?

A

infraspinatus and teres minor and the supraspinatus

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17
Q

What happens if the rotator cuff is compromised, through weakness or injury?

A

the prime and secondary movers cannot act effectively at the joint, regardless of how strong the prime and secondary movers are

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18
Q

Shoulder disorders (adulthood):

A

*Age-related changes
* Peripheral nerve injury
* Fractures
* Tendonitis
* Capsulitis

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19
Q
A

Subluxation

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20
Q

Peripheral Nerve Injuries:

A
  • Brachial plexus
  • Avulsion (traction injuries)
  • Compression(Injuries)
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21
Q

Age-related changes:

A
  • Stooped posture changes the angle of the scapula
  • Increased rotator cuff tears/irritation
  • Degenerative Joint changes
  • Loss of ROM* Subluxation (secondary to CVA)
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22
Q

Avulsion (traction):

A
  • Injury varies
  • Nerve roots
  • Brachial plexus
  • Sensory and motor loss
  • Long thoracic nerve most common
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23
Q

injuries most commonly occur during motor vehicle or motorcycle accidents when the arm and shoulder are severely stretched during the collision

A

Avulsion

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24
Q

Treatment of Avulsion Injuries:

A
  • Most difficult to treat.
  • Surgeons can perform nerve transfers.
  • These may or may not take.
  • The expected result is a partial elevation of the arm.
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25
Q

OT’s Role in Avulsion Injuries:

A
  • Positioning
  • ADL
  • Hand dominance retraining
  • Monthly Assessment
  • HEP as appropriate
  • Therapeutic Exercise as appropriate
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26
Q

Compression Injury:

A
  • Crutches
  • Poor transfers
  • “Saturday Night” Palsy
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27
Q

OT’s Role in Compression Injuries:

A
  • Positioning
  • ADL
  • Hand dominance retraining as needed
  • Monthly Assessment
  • Retraining of tendon transfers as appropriate
  • HEP as appropriate Therapeutic Exercise as appropriate
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28
Q

Fracture Classification:

A
  • Location
  • Angle of fracture
  • Simple vs. Comminuted
  • Open vs. Closed
  • Displaced vs. Non-Displaced
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29
Q

Common fracture types:

A
  • Diaphyseal: mid-shaft
  • Metaphseal: near the articulating surface of the bone
  • Articular: fracture into the joint
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30
Q

Angles of fractures:

A

transverse
oblique
spiral
stellate
longitudinal

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31
Q

an angle that is straight across the bone

A

transverse

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32
Q

an angle that is at an angle through the bone

A

oblique

33
Q

an angle that is around the bone

A

spiral

34
Q

an angle that is star-like fragments transverse and longitudinal

A

stellate

35
Q

an angle that is along the length of the bone

A

longitudinal

36
Q

Simple vs. Comminuted

A
  • Simple: two fracture fragments
  • Comminuted: multiple fragments
37
Q

When dealing with fractures you must get orders from who?

A

Physician

38
Q

fracture does not puncture the skin

A

Closed fracture

39
Q

fracture that punctures the skin

A

Open fracture

40
Q

What are the 3 types of open fractures?

A

type 1
type 2
type 3

41
Q

small puncture wound without gross contamination –the fracture is noncomminuted

A

type 1 open fracture

42
Q

aceration>1cm with Min – Modsoft tissue crush –fracture still simple

A

type 2 open fracture

43
Q
  • Type IIIA –extensive soft tissue injury but still adequate to obtain coverage
  • Type IIIB –extensive soft tissue injury will likely require delayed coverage via skin graft or flap
  • Type IIIC –same as typeIIIB with arterial injury requiring repair orreconstruction*Most type III are comminuted fractures**
A

type 3 open fracture

44
Q

Displaced vs. Non-displaced fractures:

A
  • Displaced: Any amount of non-anatomic alignment
  • Non-displaced:
45
Q

Fixation Options:

A
  1. closed reduction
  2. external fixation
  3. open reduction internal fixation (ORIF)
46
Q

a type of fixation that use of distraction for fracture alignment

A

closed reduction

47
Q

a type of fixation that external traction application to fracture alignment
– Allows for early mobilization of uninvolved joints

A

external fixation

48
Q

use of internally placed hardware for fracture alignment
– Provides maximum fracture stability, allows early mobilization

A

open reduction internal fixation (ORIF)

49
Q

Why do we care about fractures:

A
  • Fracture characteristics are essential in identifying the appropriate therapeutic interventions.
  • Allow for more concise communication with the physician with regard to treatment.
50
Q

Shoulder fractures include:

A
  • Humerus, proximal
  • Humerus, shaft (humeral fractures associated with FOOSH, osteoporosis)
  • Scapula
  • Clavicle
51
Q

Mid Shaft Humeral Fractures:

A
  • Concerns are for radial nerve palsy
  • May be treated operatively or nonoperatively
52
Q

– Allows for secondary healing of bone through micro motion at the fracture site.
– Provides a stabilizing force through

A

Fracture Brace Fabrication

53
Q

OT’s Role in Fracture Management:

A
  • Must follow MD orders for all weight-bearing, ROM, and ther-ex
    – Weight bearing
  • NWB – Non Weight Bearing
  • Platform Weight Bearing (On forearm)
  • WBAT – Weight Bearing as Tolerated
  • Splinting / Bracing as indicated
  • ROM as prescribed
  • ADL management
54
Q
A

tendonitis

55
Q

a popping, clicking, or crackling sound in a joint

A

crepitus

56
Q

“Frozen shoulder”
*Inflammation of joint capsule
*Loss of normal tissue redundancy
*Reduction of “joint space”
*Leads to severe loss of ROM, pain

A

Adhesive Capsulitis

57
Q

Elbow joint:

A
  • Three bones
  • Two joints
  • Three ligaments
  • One joint capsule
  • One plane of motion
58
Q

What are the three bones in the elbow joint?

A

Humerus
Ulna
Radius

59
Q

What are the two joints at the elbow?

A

Ulnotrochlear and Radiocapitular

60
Q

What are the three ligaments?

A

Medial (ulnar), lateral collateral ligaments & annular ligament

61
Q

Which holds the head of the radius in place?

A

Annular

62
Q

The radius _____ around the ulna both proximally and distally. The ulna remains _____.

A

rotates, stable

63
Q

ELBOW AND FOREARM MUSCLES:

A

Biceps
Brachialis
Brachioradialis
Triceps
Supinator
Pronator Teres
Pronator quadratus
Anconeus

64
Q

Which elbow muscles cross both the GH and elbow joint?

A

Biceps, both heads
Triceps, long head

65
Q

Which muscles cross only the elbow?

A

Flexors:
Brachialis (no supination)
Brachioradialis (in mid position)
Extensors:
Medial & lateral(short) head of triceps

66
Q

What are the supinators?

A

Biceps
Supinator

67
Q

What are the pronators?

A

Pronator Teres
Pronator quadratus

68
Q

What do the supinator and pronator muscles have in common?

A

insert into the radius

69
Q

What bones articulate at the distal radioulnar joint?

A

Radius rotates around the ulna

70
Q

What are the two prominent bony landmarks of the distal radioulnar joint?

A

Ulnar Styloid, Radial Styloid

71
Q

What is the true wrist joint called?

A

Radiocarpal (radius, scaphoid, lunate)

72
Q

Carpal bones and joints:

A

Eight bones Two rows Three “joints” A whole mess of ligaments

73
Q

Carpal bones and joints:

A

Scaphoid
Lunate
Triquetrium
Pisiform
Trapezium
Trapezoid
Capitate
Hamate

74
Q

Wrist Ligaments:

A

Radial Collateral
Ulnar Collateral
Palmar radiocarpal
Dorsal radiocarpal

75
Q

Mnemonic for the carpal bones and joint:

A

Some Lovers Try Positions That They Can’t Handle

76
Q
A
77
Q
A
78
Q
A

Kinesiology (OCTH 521) Lecture (5 decks)

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