Cerebellum

Question 1

What is cerebral aqueduct?

Answer 1

The cerebral aqueduct, also known as the aqueduct of Sylvius, is a narrow channel located within the midbrain, connecting the third and fourth ventricles of the brain.

It allows **cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) **to flow from the third ventricle, which is located in the diencephalon, to the fourth ventricle, which is located in the hindbrain.

The cerebral aqueduct is essential for the circulation and drainage of CSF, which helps cushion and protect the brain and spinal cord.

Question 2

1.What is tegmentum?

2. Red nucleus?

Answer 2

1.The tegmentum is a region within the midbrain, specifically part of the brainstem.
between the ventricular system and the cerebral aqueduct.

It contains nuclei and pathways that are important for the control of movement, sensation, and autonomic functions.
plays a role in modulating arousal and sleep-wake cycles.

2. The red nucleus is a structure located in the midbrain, specifically in the tegmentum.
   - reddish appearance due to a high concentration of blood vessels and iron-containing cells.

The red nucleus is involved in motor coordination, particularly in the control of limb movements.
It receives inputs from the cerebellum, cerebral cortex, and spinal cord, and it sends outputs to motor neurons in the spinal cord
-control of voluntary movements,

Question 3

What is Nystagmuss?

Answer 3

a rhythmic, involuntary movement of the eyes that involves alternating smooth pursuit in one direction and quick, jerking movements in the opposite direction.
can be congenital (present from birth) or acquired later in life due to various factors such as inner ear disorders neurological conditions, or certain medications.

It can affect vision and may cause symptoms such as blurred vision, dizziness, and difficulty with balance.

Question 4

Cerebellum is derived from which division?

The structure that separates cerebellum from occipital and temporal lobes?

Answer 4

1. From metacephalon division of Rhombencephalon(hind brain)
2. Tentorium cerebelli

Question 5

1. Hematoma?
2. Extradural and subdural hematoma?

Answer 5

1. A hematoma is a localized collection of blood outside of blood vessels, usually due to trauma or injury. It can result in swelling, pain, and discoloration of the skin.
2. Extradural
   when blood collects between the skull and the outermost layer of the brain’s protective covering (dura mater).

Subdural hematoma
blood collecting between the dura mater and the arachnoid membrane, which is the middle layer of the brain’s protective covering.

Question 6

What is intra-crannial pressure?

Answer 6

Intracranial pressure (ICP) refers to the pressure exerted by the cerebrospinal fluid and brain tissue inside the skull.

It’s essential for maintaining proper brain function, but when it becomes elevated, it can lead to serious complications such as brain damage.

Question 7

Dura matter is innervated by?

Subarachinoid space contains?

Answer 7

1. trigeminal nerve
2. Cerebrospinal fluid