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ling101 > Chapter 3 Phonology > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Phonology Flashcards

1
Q

Phonetics

A

Domain dealing with PHYSICAL description of sounds

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2
Q

Phonology

A

Domain dealing with PSYCHOLOGICAL description of sounds

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3
Q

Patterns

A

different sounds that are treated the SAME in the mind of the native speaker but are PREDICTABLE in occurrence

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4
Q

Complementary Distribution

A

When sounds are NOT CONTRASTIVE and occur in PREDICTABLE ENVIROMENTS

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5
Q

Core Syllable

A

most common type of syllable found in every language

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6
Q

Non-Core Syllables

A

-rare type of syllable that is complex and NOT predictable
-any violation from the binary requirement
-any violation of sonority violation

Stream and ranks

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7
Q

Binarity Requirement

A
  • no more than two branches from each node on the tree
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8
Q

Sonority Retirement

A

sonority contour is RISING through ONSET and FALLING throughout CODA

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9
Q

what are the two requirements that make Core Syllables Simple and predictable

A

-Binarity AND Sonority Requirements if either of these requirements are violated they are NON CORE

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10
Q

Sonority Values

A

0= Obstruents
1= nasals
2= liquids
3=glides
4= vowels

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11
Q

Binarity Violation

A

cluster of THREE (or more) consonants together

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12
Q

sonority Violation

A

flat sonority of two or more in onset or coda of the sound/word 00400 (spits) or 0422 (girl)

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13
Q

Minimal PAIR

A

a PAIR OF WORDS that are identical apart from ONE PHONE

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14
Q

Near minimal pair

A

a PAIR OF WORDS in which suspicious phones are found in exactly the same environment although there are OTHER DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE TWO WORDS

CROWD VS BROWN

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15
Q

Non-Contrastive Phones

A

phones that DO NOT CREATE A CONTRAST between words and are therefore considered to be allophones of one phoneme

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16
Q

Complementary Distribution

A

the DISTRIBUTION OF ALLOPHONES that is PREDICTABLE based on the POSITION OF THE ALLOPHONE WITHIN THE WORD

17
Q

Suspicious Phones

A

PHONES that are VERY SIMILAR in acoustic terms such that there may be some languages which treat them as the same sounds in the mind of the native speaker (the starting point of solving a phonology problem)

18
Q

Phones

A

physical event/ individual speech sounds

19
Q

Free Variation

A

the DISTRIBUTION OF ALLOPHONES that is determined by the speaker and not by the position of the allophone in the word

20
Q

Allophones

A

PHONES that are associated with the same PHONEME (are thought of as the same sound)

Example: /p/ –> (all the descriptions are the allophones)

21
Q

Phonemes

A

PSYCHOLOGICAL REPRESENTATIONS of speech sounds (as they are stored in the mind of a native speaker)

22
Q

accidental gap

A

permissible sequences which do not occur- an ‘accident’ in the evolution of the language

23
Q

systematic gap

A

impermissible sequences- violates the ‘system’

24
Q

binarity

A

having a maximum of two parts in the syllable tree

25
Q

syllable

A

a peak of sonority plus accompanying consonants

26
Q

rhyme

A

the nucleus plus the coda within a syllable

27
Q

onset

A

any consonants that are found in FRONT of the vowel and are part of the SAME syllable

28
Q

coda

A

any consonants that are found after the vowel and are part of the same syllable

29
Q

sonority

A

how full or loud a sound is/ how well a sound resonates

30
Q

nucleus

A

the heart of a syllable, usually composed of a vowel

31
Q

Contrastive Phones

A

phones that CREATE A CONTRAST between words and therefore must belong to a different phonemes

sounds that differ in the mind of the native speaker (dough and though)

32
Q

Final Syllable

A

Stressed is placed in the final syllable unless its a schwa (Hebrew and French)

33
Q

Penultimate

A

Stress is placed in the 2nd last syllable (somoan)

34
Q

Antepenultimate

A

stress is placed on 3rd to last syllable (english and macedonian)

35
Q

Initial Syllable

A

stressed is always placed in front (finnish)

36
Q

even stress

A

no stress on any syllables (japan)

37
Q

Simple vowels

A

monophthong
-constanstant throughout product

38
Q

Major Dipthongs

A

oj, aj, aw

39
Q
A

ling101 (6 decks)

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