Chapter 4-12 Quiz Study

Question 1

Human genetic studies are limited by___

Answer 1

A small number of offspring
An inability to perform testcrosses
A long generation time

Question 2

___ is the number of the barr bodies expected to be present in a skin cell from a human male

Answer 2

0 (due to inactivated x chromosome)

Question 3

When analyzing a pedigree for an autosomal recessive trait that is rare, you would assume that individuals from outside of the family without the trait have a genotype ___ unless you have information that contradicts that assumption
A) AA
B) Aa
C) aa

Answer 3

AA

Question 4

Consider a human female with genotype X+X+. If a non-disjunction of the X chromosomes occurs when a cell from this female is undergoing Meiosis I, two of the gametes produced at the end of Meiosis will have genotype O (no sex chromosomes).

True or False?

Answer 4

True

Question 5

When crossing 2 heterozygotes in a monohybrid cross with incomplete dominance, you would expect to see a phenotypic ratio of ____ in offspring

Answer 5

1:2:1

Question 6

A female tortoiseshell cat mates with a male black cat. What would not be expected in their offspring?

Answer 6

A tortoiseshell male

Question 7

The percentage of individuals with a certain genotype that have the expected phenotype is called

Answer 7

penetrance

Question 8

Which sample was NOT injected into mice during Griffith’s experiment

Answer 8

heat-killed R bacteria

Question 9

For genes that show cytoplasmic inheritance, the phenotype depends only on the maternal parent because those genes are found on the X chromosome.

True or False?

Answer 9

False (it is found on the mitochondria or chloroplast)

Question 10

If a mother with blood type A has a child that is blood type of O what is the mother’s genotype at the ABO locus?

Answer 10

I^i

Question 11

For a certain plant species, a cross between two plants with smooth leaves always yields 2/3 progeny with smooth leaves and 1/3 progeny with rough leaves. What is the genotype of the progeny with smooth leaves?

Answer 11

Ss

Question 12

Which of the following is FALSE:
A) Linked genes show independent assortment.
B) When two genes are linked, crossing over between them does not occur in every cell undergoing meiosis
C) Studying linked genes can help identify alleles associated with a disease
D) Linked genes are found close together on the same chromosome
E) None of the above

Answer 12

Linked genes show independent assortment

Question 13

Epistasis is when alleles at one locus mask the effects of alleles at a different locus. For example for Labrador fur color, dogs with the genotype ee at the E locus will be yellow regardless of their genotype (BB, Bb, or bb) at the B locus.

True or false?

Answer 13

True

Question 14

The Hershey-Chase experiment used radioactive sulfur and phosphorus (35S and 32P) and phage to distinguish whether ____ was the genetic material

Answer 14

protein or DNA

Question 15

A strand of DNA with the sequence of 5’-ACATGG-3’ would basepair with a DNA strand with the sequence
A) 5’-ACATGG-3’
B) 5’-GGTACA-3’
C) 5’-TGTACC-3’
D) 5’-CCATGT-3’

Answer 15

5’-CCATGT-3’

Question 16

A nitrogenous base that has two rings in its basic structure (one six-sided and one five-sided) is called a ____; examples are ____

Answer 16

purine; adenine and guanine

Question 17

In DNA, phosphodiester bonds are covalent bonds in which a phosphate group links….

Answer 17

….two sugars in adjacent nucleotides on the same DNA strand

Question 18

At a replication fork _____

Answer 18

one new strand is synthesized continously and the other new strand is synthesized discontinuosly

Question 19

E. coli cells grown in media containing only 15N are transferred to media containing only 14N and grown for 2 generations; at the end of this procedure, a sample of cells is removed and the DNA is analyzed. If DNA replication followed the “conservative” model, you would expect ____ in the tube after equilibrium density centrifugation.

Answer 19

one thin DNA band at the 15N position and one thicker DNA band at the 14N position

Question 20

“Proofreading” refers to the ___ activity of DNA polymerases, which removes incorrect nucleotide(s) recently added to the DNA strand

Answer 20

3’ -> 5’ exonuclease

Question 21

___ is a enzyme important for unwinding double-stranded DNA and ___ is important for allowing that unwinding to continue during DNA replication

Answer 21

DNA helicase; DNA gyrase

Question 22

In living cells, the primers used during DNA replication are ____

Answer 22

made of RNA and synthesized by primase

Question 23

a strand of DNA has a ____ charge

Answer 23

strong negative

Question 24

Hairpins are formed in DNA as a result

Answer 24

sequences on the same strand that are inverted and complementary

Question 25

Griffith experiment main conclusion

Answer 25

Type IIR bacteria had been transformed by acquiring the genetic virulence of the dead type IIIS bacteria which caused a permanent change in the genetics of the IIR bacteria

Question 26

Avery and McCarthy main conclusion

Answer 26

genetic information resides in DNA because their data emphasized how the transforming substance precipitated at the same rate as purified DNA and absorbed UV light at the same wavelength as well

Question 27

Hershey Chase experiment main conclusion

Answer 27

DNA and not protein is the genetic material of phases. Using radioactive isotopes Hershey and Chase traced the movement of DNA and protein during the phage infection of bacteria.

• demonstrated DNA entered bacterial cell during phage reproduction and only DNA passed into progeny phases