PassMed Paediatrics Flashcards
What is the Initial management for a patient with Transposition of the great Arteries?
Prostaglandin E1 to maintain the PDA open so that oxygenated blood can mix and be transported around the rest of the body.
What are the developmental milestones for Social play and Behaviour?
6 Weeks: Smiles (refer at 10 weeks)
3 months: Laughs and enjoys friendly handling
6 Months: Not shy
9 Months: Shy and takes everything to mouth
What are the developmental milestones for feeding?
What is the current Immunisation Schedule in Children?
What are the major risk factors for Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)?
The major risk factors for SIDS are:
- prone sleeping
- parental smoking
- bed sharing
- hyperthermia and head covering
- prematurity
Where is the most common location for the urethral opening to be found in Hypospadias?
Distal Ventral Surface of the Penis
What is the management of Neonatal Hypoglycaemia in a patient who is:
Symptomatic or Very low BMs
Asymptomatic
Symptomatic:
Admit to neonatal unit and give IV 10% dextrose
Asymptomatic:
Encourage normal feeding (breast or bottle)
Monitor blood glucose
How often should chest physiotherapy and Postural Drainage be performed in the chronic management of Cystic Fibrosis?
Twice a Day
What is the Management of Hypospadias?
- once hypospadias has been identified, infants should be referred to specialist services
- corrective surgery is typically performed when the child is around 12 months of age (after 6 months)
- it is essential that the child is not circumcised prior to the surgery as the foreskin may be used in the corrective procedure
- in boys with very distal disease, no treatment may be needed.
What are the Gross Motor Developmental Milestones?
What is the Management of Bacterial Meningitis in Infants?
1. Antibiotics
< 3 months: IV amoxicillin (or ampicillin) + IV cefotaxime
> 3 months: IV cefotaxime (or ceftriaxone)
2. Steroids
NICE advise against giving corticosteroids in children younger than 3 months
dexamethsone should be considered if the lumbar puncture reveals any of the following:
frankly purulent CSF
CSF white blood cell count greater than 1000/microlitre
raised CSF white blood cell count with protein concentration greater than 1 g/litre
bacteria on Gram stain
3. Fluids
treat any shock, e.g. with colloid
4. Cerebral monitoring
mechanical ventilation if respiratory impairment
5. Public health notification and antibiotic prophylaxis of contacts
ciprofloxacin is now preferred over rifampicin
What is Ophthalmia Neonatorum
Infection of the newborn eye.
Presents with “sticky eyes”
Responsible organisms include
Chlamydia trachomatis
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Suspected ophthalmia neonatorum should be referred for same-day ophthalmology/paediatric assessment.
What is Surfactant deficient Lung Disease?
Surfactant deficient lung disease (SDLD, also known as respiratory distress syndrome and previously as hyaline membrane disease) is a condition seen in premature infants. It is caused by insufficient surfactant production and structural immaturity of the lungs
What is the correlation with SDLD and gestation?
The risk of SDLD decreases with gestation
50% of infants born at 26-28 weeks
25% of infants born at 30-31 weeks
What are some risk factors for SDLD other than Gestation?
male sex
diabetic mothers
Caesarean section
second born of premature twins
What are the developmental milestones for Fine Motor Control?
