Tectonics

Question 1

What are the 7 main tectonic plates?

Answer 1

Eurasian Plate
North American Plate
Pacific Plate
Indo-Australian Plate
South American Plate
Antarctic Plate
African Plate

Question 2

What does it mean when Earthquakes and Volcanoes form ‘Intraplate’?

Answer 2

occur Inside the plate margins

Question 3

What is the name of the 4 parts that make up the Earth?

Answer 3

Core
Mantle
Oceanic Crust
Continental Crust

Question 4

What makes up the mantle?

Answer 4

The Asthenosphere
The Lithosphere

Question 5

What is the Core?

Answer 5

Composited of Iron and Nickel
Responsible for Earths Magnetic field

Question 6

What is the mantle?

Answer 6

Molten rock
high temp
slow flow

Question 7

What is the Asthenosphere?

Answer 7

upper mantle
high temp (>1300)
convection occurs

Question 8

What is the Lithosphere?

Answer 8

lower mantle
cool enough to prevent partial melting
rigid and brittle

Question 9

What is the Oceanic Crust?

Answer 9

basaltic rock (mafic)
dense (2.9g/cm cubed)

Question 10

What is the Continental Crust?

Answer 10

granitic rock (silicic)
less dense (2.7g/cm cubed)

Question 11

When was Alfred Wegener Theory made?

Answer 11

1912

Question 12

What does Alfred Wegener Theory suggest?

Answer 12

that the now-separated continents used to be joined

Question 13

How are convection cells set up?

Answer 13

when hot, lower density material rises upwards and flows sideways as it cools down, making it become denser and sink back down

Question 14

What happens when the convection current rises and a constructive plate?

Answer 14

rising magma and then eruption of lava

Question 15

What did 2 geologies Vine and Mathew discover?

Answer 15

magnetic strips running parallel to the ridges

Question 16

What is sea-floor spreading?

Answer 16

geological process
gradual addition of new oceanic crust in the ocean floor

Question 17

What is subduction?

Answer 17

process where one plate sinks beneath another at a convergent plate boundary

Question 18

Where does subduction occur?

Answer 18

destructive plate margin

Question 19

What are the 3 types of volcanoes?

Answer 19

Composite
Cinder Cone
Shield

Question 20

What is a Composite volcano?

Answer 20

Conical volcano
layers of solid lava flows mixed with layers of other rock

Question 21

What is a Cinder Cone volcano?

Answer 21

no horizontal layers
steep conical hill of volcanic debris

Question 22

What is a Shield volcano?

Answer 22

built entirely/mostly of lava fluid vents
huge ‘warrior’ shield

Question 23

What are the 2 types of magma?

Answer 23

Mafic (Basaltic)
Silicic (Andesitic)

Question 24

What are 4 characteristics of Mafic magma?

Answer 24

High density
High temp
Low viscosity
Non-explosive

Question 25

What are 4 characteristics of Silicic magma?

Answer 25

Low density
Low temp
Thick viscosity
Explosive

Question 26

What are the 4 types of Plate Boundaries?

Answer 26

Constructive
Destructive
Collision
Transform

Question 27

What happens at a Constructive Plate boundary?

Answer 27

Plates move away from each other
-mid ocean ridges + Continental rift valleys
lithosphere pulled apart

Question 28

What can occur at Constructive Plate boundaries?

Answer 28

Earthquakes

Question 29

What happens at a Destructive plate boundary?

Answer 29

Two plates move towards each other and the denser oceanic plate is forced under the continental plate where it is subducted