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Anatomy / Physiology > Chapter 22: The Lymphatic System > Flashcards

Chapter 22: The Lymphatic System Flashcards

1
Q

What does the lymphatic system do and what 3 parts does it consist of?

A

Returns fluids that have leaked from the blood vascular system back into the blood.

3 parts:
1. Network of lymphatic vessels
2. Lymph
3. Lymph nodes

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2
Q

Lymphatic vessels

A

A network of drainage vessels that collect the excess interstitial fluid and return it to the bloodstream

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3
Q

Lymph

A

Fluid contained in lymphatic vessels

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4
Q

Lymph nodes

A

Checkpoints along the lymph vessels that cleanse lymph as it passes through

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5
Q

What do lymphoid organs and tissues do?

A

Provide the structural basis on the immune system (using phagocytic cells and lymphocytes to defend the body against disease)

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6
Q

Lymphatic capillaries

A

Weave between tissue cells and blood capillaries in connective tissue of the body.

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7
Q

What 2 structural modifications make lymphatic capillaries so permeable?

A
  1. The capillary walls are not tight, they have overlapping mini valves to allow things in.
  2. Collagen filaments to anchor the surrounding cells
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8
Q

What causes the minivalves of lymphatic capillaries to open and close?

A

Open:
And the pressure of interstitial fluid is greater than the pressure in the lymphatic capillary.

Close:
When pressure is greater in the lymphatic capillary it forces the valves shut to prevent backflow of fluid

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9
Q

Pathway of lymph flow

A

Smallest
1. Lymphatic capillaries
2. Collecting lymphatic vessels
3. Lymphatic trunks
4. Lymphatic ducts
Biggest

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10
Q

How are lymphatic vessels and blood vessels similar

A

Lymphatic vessels have the same methods as versus return:

  • using skeletal muscle to push it
  • pressure changes during breathing
  • valves to prevent back flow
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11
Q

What direction does lymph always flow?

A

Towards the heart

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12
Q

Innate immunity

A

Includes all defence mechanisms that you are naturally given.

Ex. Skin, mucus, phagocytes, fever…etc

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13
Q

Adaptive immunity

A

Immunity that you gain from experiencing foreign molecules that you’re not used to. (you adapt to it)

Ex. B and T lymphocytes

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14
Q

Where do lymphocytes arise from? What are the 2 types?

A

Arise from red bone marrow

Become:
1. T lymphocytes
2. B lymphocytes

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15
Q

What do T lymphocytes do? Where do they mature?

A

Manage immune responses and can directly destroy infected cells.

Mature in the Thymus (T for thymus)

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16
Q

What do B lymphocytes do? Where do they mature?

A

Protect the body by producing plasma cells that secrete antibodies

Mature in Bone marrow (B for bone)

17
Q

What do B lymphocytes give rise to?

A
  1. Plasma cells - produce antibodies to destroy foreign antigens.
  2. Memory B cells - remember foreign invaders so a rapid response can be made if encountered again.
18
Q

What do T lymphocytes gives rise to?

A
  1. Effector T cells - secrete cytotoxic agents to destroy invaded and cancerous cells.
  2. Helper T cells - secrete chemical messengers to activate T and B cells .
  3. Regulatory T cells - help control immune response
  4. Memory T cells - remember foreign invaders so a rapid response can be made if encountered again.
19
Q

What is the main lymphoid organ?

A

The lymph nodes

20
Q

What are the 2 main functions of lymph nodes?

A
  1. Filtration of debris that entered the lymph
  2. Immune system activation to destroy foreign particles
21
Q

What is the largest lymphoid organ?

A

Spleen

22
Q

What are the two components of the spleen?

A
  1. White pulp - where immune functions take place
  2. Red pulp -where worn out RBC’s are destroyed
23
Q

What is the function of the thymus

A

It is the site of maturation for lymphocyte precursors (T lymphocytes)

24
Q

What is Mucosa associated lymphoid tissue?

A

Lymphoid tissues that are located in mucus membranes throughout the body

Includes:
- tonsils
- appendix
- peyers patches (in ileum)

25
Q

Tonsils

A

Rings of lymphoid tissue around the pharynx.

They remove many invaders entering the pharynx in food or inhaled air.

26
Q

What are the 4 types of tonsils?

A
  1. Palatine
  2. Lingual
  3. Pharyngeal
  4. Tubal
27
Q

Where are peyers patches located?

A

Ileum of small intestine

28
Q

What are the 3 mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues? (MALT)

A
  1. Tonsils
  2. Appendix
  3. Peyer’s patches in ileum
29
Q

What type of tissue are lymphoid organs made up of?

A

Reticular tissue

Anatomy / Physiology (22 decks)

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