autonomic and somatic nervous system

Question 1

the most basic function of the somatic nervous system is

Answer 1

excitation and contraction of skeletal muscle

Question 2

what are the proprioceptors which aid in somatic reflexes

Answer 2

golgi tendon organs and stretch receptors

Question 3

where the lower motor neuron meets a skeletal muscle there is

Answer 3

a neuromuscular junction

Question 4

for the first synapse out of the CNS the NT will always be ____

Answer 4

ACH

Question 5

what structures are controlled by sympathetic only

Answer 5

adipose, adrenal glands, kidneys, liver, sweat glands

Question 6

which of these is not a homeostatic control centers
a. hypothalamus
b. medulla and pons
c. limbic and cerebral cortex
d. thalamus

Answer 6

d. thalamus

Question 7

what is the general efferent pathway for automatic NS

Answer 7

preganglionic —> autonomic ganglion –> postganglionic –> target

Question 8

the autonomic ganglion can have ____ (it is important for it to reach many target cells)

Answer 8

divergence

Question 9

what is true of the parasympathetic system
a. short preganglionic fibers
b. the vagus nerve controls most of the pathway
c. it is known as the thorocolumbar division
d. all of the above

Answer 9

b

Question 10

the pre-post synaptic neurotransmitter for parasympathetic is

Answer 10

nicotinic Ach (ionotropic)

Question 11

the neuroeffector junction neurotransmitter for parasympathetic is

Answer 11

muscarinic Ach (metabotropic)

Question 12

what is not true regarding the sympathetic pathway
a. short preganglionic fibers go to sympathetic chain ganglia
b. The pre-post synapse uses muscarinic Ach
c. at the neuroeffector junction uses NE and E based on alpha or beta receptors present
d. The neuroeffector junction uses muscarinic Ach with sweat glands

Answer 12

b

Question 13

the sympathetic system has two pathways the second one originates from ___ ___; this pathway releases

Answer 13

adrenal medulla; neurohormones

Question 14

the adrenal medulla has ____ ____ postganglion

Answer 14

chromaffin cells

Question 15

the simplified pathway of sympathetic adrenal medulla

Answer 15

one neuron –> chromaffin –> neurohormones

Question 16

NE is typically released as

Answer 16

NT

Question 17

what is true of alpha receptors
a. respond strongly to NE
b. alpha 1 receptor deals with smooth muscle contraction
c. alpha 2 receptor deals with insulin and glucagon release
d. all of the above

Answer 17

d

Question 18

the beta 1 receptor has which of the following qualities
a. responds more to NE released as an NT
b. responds more to E as a neurohormone
c. equal response to NE and E
d. increases heart rate and contractility

Answer 18

c and d

Question 19

stronger response to E is characteristic of what beta receptor

Answer 19

Beta 2

Question 20

beta 2 works on what parts of the body and why does E released as a neurohormone work more efficiently

Answer 20

blood vessels and bronchi; having the neurohormone already in the bloodstream allows for it to effect all blood vessels as it is already there instead of innervating each individual part with an NT

Question 21

B3 is a receptor for adipose tissue; is NE or E more efficient

Answer 21

NE ; because adipose has no blood supply and innervated by sympathetic system

Question 22

which of these is not true of varicosities
a. can be multiple along length of axon
b. NT can be produced in axon varicosities
c. the actions of a varicosity cannot be modulated
d. no specific area for receptors or post synaptic density

Answer 22

c

Question 23

what is the basic sequence at a synapse for a varicosity (presynaptic cell)

Answer 23

1. AP down axon
2. voltage gated Ca channels
3. NT exocytosis

Question 24

the receptors innervated by a varicosity are located where

Answer 24

along length of target cell