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engine front end construction > engine bottom end construction > Flashcards

engine bottom end construction Flashcards

1
Q

what are engine cylinder blocks normally made out of

A

cast iron or alluminum

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2
Q

a – cylinder block dissipates heat better than an —- block

A

aluminum better than cast iron

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3
Q

many vehicles use —- blocks to reduce weight and increase fuel economy

A

aluminum blocks

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4
Q

an —- is relatively thin and is not exposed to engine coolant

A

dry sleeve

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5
Q

an — is exposed to engine coolant and must withstand combustion pressure and heat without the added support of the cylinder block

A

wet sleeve

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6
Q

define line boring

A

refers to a machining operation that cuts a series of holes through the block for the crankshaft main bearings

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7
Q

an —- main block only uses two cap screws to secure each main bearing cap to the —–

A

two bolt and cylinder block

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8
Q

— mains are used on high performance engines

A

four-bolts

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9
Q

a — provides clearance between the piston and the crankshaft counterweights

A

slipper skirt

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10
Q

define piston diameter

A

the distance measured across the sides of the piston is piston diameter

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11
Q

what is meant by the term pin hole diameter

A

the distance measured across the side of the piston pin hole

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12
Q

define ring groove width

A

the distance measured from the top to the bottom of the ring groove

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13
Q

a —- piston is slighty out-of-round when viewed from the top

A

cam ground

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14
Q

what is the purpose of piston taper

A

used to maintain the correct piston-to-cylinder clearance

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15
Q

—- generally refers to the countour of the piston top

A

piston head shape

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16
Q

the head of a — piston is parralell with the blocks deck surface

A

flat top

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17
Q

define valve reliefs

A

valve reliefs are small identations either cast or machined into the piston crown to provide ample piston-to-valve clearance

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18
Q

automotive pistons normally use — rings, —- compression rings and — oil ring

A

3, 2, 1

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19
Q

the — prevent pressure leakage into the crankcase and wipe oil from the cylinder walls

A

compression rings

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20
Q

explain ring seating

A

its the inital ring wear that makes the ring perfectly match the surface of the cylinder

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21
Q

name the two basic oil ring designs

A

rail spacer, one-piece

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22
Q

what is the function of a pistons oil ring

A

to keep crankcase oil out of the combustion chambers

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23
Q

the piston — is the distance from the top of the ring to the bottom of the ring

A

ring width

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24
Q

piston ring — is the distance from the face of the ring to its inner wall

A

radial wall thickness

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25
Q

piston — is the distance between the ends of the ring when installed in the cylinder

A

ring gap

26
Q

when are soft ring coatings desirable

A

its reccomended for cylinders that are slightly worn/ forms a good seal

27
Q

hard ring coatings, such as —- are used in new or freshly machined cylinders that are perfectly round

A

chrome or moly

28
Q

what are piston pins normally made of

A

case-hardned steel

29
Q

—– is a heating and cooling process that increases the wear resistance of the piston pin

A

case hardeneing

30
Q

a press fit piston is forced tightly into the connecting rods ——

A

small end

31
Q

an — piston pin is secured by snap rings and is free to rotate in both the rod and piston

A

full floating

32
Q

what is the purpose of piston pin offset

A

locates the piston pin hole slightly to one side of the piston centerline

33
Q

an — on the head of the piston is frequently used to indicate piston pin offset and the front of the piston

A

piston notch

34
Q

most connecting rods r made of

A

steel

35
Q

explain low intertia parts

A

low interia parts are light parts thatll accelerate quickly

36
Q

what is the purpose of a hole machined through the entire length of a drilled connecting rod

A

its to supply oil in the piston pin

37
Q

—– are used to ensure proper location of each connecting rod in the engine

A

connecting rod numbers

38
Q

define powdered metal forging

A

refers to a process that forms the rough shape of a part out of metal powder before final shaping in a powerful forge

39
Q

what are engine crankshafts usually made of

A

cast iron or forged steel

40
Q

turbocharged or diseal engines are normally equipped with crsnkshafts made of

A

forged steel

41
Q

oil enters the crankshaft at the — and passes through holes in the main bearing journals

A

main bearings

42
Q

with a v-type engine —- connecting rods bolt to each rod journal

A

two

43
Q

an — crankshaft has weights formed oppisite the journals in the center portion of the shaft only

A

partially counterweighted

44
Q

—- is the bearings ability to withstand poudning and crushing during engine operation

A

bearing load strength

45
Q

— is the bearing ability to adjust to imperfections in the journal surface

A

bearing conformability

46
Q

— refers to the bearings ability to absorb dirt , metal, or other hard particles

A

bearing embedability

47
Q

— is the bearings ability to withstand being acted on by acids, water, and other impurties in the engine oil

A

bearing corrosion resistance

48
Q

what is the purpose of bearing crush

A

used to help prevent a split type bearing from spinning inside its bore during engine operation

49
Q

—– is used on split type engine bearingsto hpld the bearing in place during assesmbly

A

bearing spread

50
Q

an — bearing has the original dimensions specified by the engine manufacturer for a new, unworn, or unmachined crankshaft

A

standard

51
Q

an undersize bearing is designed to be usedon a crankshaft journal that has been machined to an —- diameter

A

smaller

52
Q

connceting rod and main bearings are avaible in undersizes of

A

0.010, 0.020,0.030,0.040

53
Q

—– or dowels position split bearings in their bores

A

bearing locating lugs

54
Q

how are engine bearings lubricated

A

the holes allow oil to flow through the block and onto the clearance between the bearing and the journal

55
Q

what is the function of a main thrust bearing

A

limits crankshaft end play

56
Q

describe the purpose of a rear main bearing oil seal

A

prevents oil leakage around the block of the crankshaft

57
Q

name three types of rear main bearings oil seals

A

two piece neoprene seal, one piece neoprene seal and a wick or rope seal

58
Q

an — rear oil seal is simply a woven rope filled with graphiyte

A

rope or wick

59
Q

—- means that some engine parts are selected and installed in a certain position to improve the fit or clearance between parts

A

select fit

60
Q

—- are used in some engines to cancel the vibrating forces produced by crankshaft, piston, and rod movement

A

balancer shafts

engine front end construction (4 decks)

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