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BB Lec > OTHER BLOOD GROUP SYSTEMS > Flashcards

OTHER BLOOD GROUP SYSTEMS Flashcards

1
Q

BGS of 001?

A

ABO, Ang

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2
Q

BGS of 002?

A

MNS, Mens

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3
Q

BGS of 003?

A

P, Po (ni)

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4
Q

BGS of 004?

A

Rh, Rhea

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4
Q

BGS of 007?

A

Lewis, Lang

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5
Q

BGS of 005?

A

Lutheran, Lumabas

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5
Q

BGS of 006?

A

Kell, Kaya

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5
Q

When some of these blood group systems are present, RBCs are in normal shape.

A

STRUCTURAL RELATIONSHIP TO RED CELL

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6
Q

BGS of 009?

A

Kidd, Kita (ni)

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6
Q

BGS of 008?

A

Duffy, Di

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7
Q
  • Transferases-transfer enzyme
A

GLYCOSYLTRANSFERASES

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7
Q

BGS of 010?

A

Diego, Diego

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7
Q

What poikilocyte is associated with Gerbich Null blood group system?

A
  • Elliptocytes
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7
Q

Enzymes responsible for the initiation and elongation of glycan chains on mucins as they transfer activated sugar residues to the proper acceptor.

A

GLYCOSYLTRANSFERASES

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7
Q

TRANSPORT PROTEINS BGS examples?

A

Rh, Kidd, Diego, Colton, and Kx blood group systems

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8
Q

STRUCTURAL RELATIONSHIP TO RED CELL BGS example?

A

MNS, Diego, and Gerbich blood group systems

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8
Q

GLYCOSYLTRANSFERASES BGS example?

A

Some are carbohydrates (ABO), P1PK, Lewis, and H blood groups systems

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9
Q

What poikilocyte is associated with RhNull blood group system?

A

stomatocytes

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10
Q
  • Not clinically significant because IgG in nature are more clinically significant because they react at 37℃ (body temp) True or False?
A

TRUE

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10
Q
  • The Secretor (Se, FUT2) gene is located on
A

chromosome 19

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10
Q

Under COMPLEMENT PATHWAY MOLECULES what component is associated in accelerating factor?

A
  • Cromer
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11
Q

COMPLEMENT PATHWAY MOLECULES components?

A
  • Chido Rodgers- associated with C4b
  • Cromer-associated in accelerating factor
  • Knops blood group systems
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11
Q

Under COMPLEMENT PATHWAY MOLECULES what component is associated with C4b?

A
  • Chido Rodgers
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12
Q

ADHESION MOLECULES BGS examples?

A

Lutheran, Xg, Lansteiner-Wiener, and Indian blood group systems (predominant blood group in ARAB population)

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13
Q
  • The Lewis (Le, FUT3) gene is located on
A

chromosome 19

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13
Q

MNS, Duffy, P, Lewis, and Cromer blood group systems

A

Microbial Receptors

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13
Q

BIOLOGIC RECEPTORS BGS examples?

A

Duffy, Knops, and Indian blood group system

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14
Q

Lewis blood group are susceptible of having (?) which causes ulcer

A

Helicobacter pylori

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14
Q
  • Named after one of the first individuals to make the antibody (?), reported by Mourant in 1946.
A

Lewis Blood Group System

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15
Q

2 alleles at the Lewis locus

A

L, e, l, e

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15
Q

FUT1 what gene?

A

H

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15
Q

FUT2 what gene?

A

Se

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15
Q
  • Must be present for a precursor substance to be converted into Lea
A

Le gene Lea →

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16
Q

If ever we have the secretor gene, we cannot secrete or manifest ABO blood group in the body fluids TRUE or FALSE?

A

False

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16
Q

2 alleles at the secretor locus

A

S, e, s, e

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17
Q
  • Must also be present for the conversion of Leb
A

Se gene Leb →

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17
Q
  • These Le genes will influence How many (?) phenotypes, and will result to the interaction of the two genes
A

4

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18
Q
  • If no Le gene is present, and only le is present then we will have no formation of Lea . same as true in Se gene TRUE or FALSE
A

True

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18
Q

a term used to describe a pair and occasionally more than 1 pair of antigens that are coded by different alleles of a single gene

A

antithetical

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18
Q

Lewis Blood Group is?

A

antithetical

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19
Q
  • Are not expressed on cord RBCs and are often diminished on the mother’s RBCs during pregnancy.
A

LEWIS ANTIGENS: Lea and Leb

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19
Q

are resistant to treatment with the enzymes that has ficin and papain, DTT (Dithiothratol) and glycine acid EDTA

A

Lewis antigens

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20
Q

LEWIS ANTIGENS: Lea and Leb can be found in?

A

Found on lymphocytes and platelets and on other tissues such as pancreas, stomach, intestine, skeletal muscle, renal cortex, and adrenal glands

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20
Q
  • found in saliva as glycoproteins
A
  • Soluble antigens
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21
Q

Lewis antigen (Lea and Leb ) are not intrinsic to RBCs but are on (?) that are passively adsorbed onto the RBC

A

Type 1 glycosphingolipids

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22
Q

Gram negative bacteria that is associated with gastritis, peptic ulcer, gastric carcinoma, norwalk virus

A

Helicobacter pylori

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22
Q

The Leb antigen is the receptor for what bacteria?

A

Helicobacter pylori

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23
Q
  • Are IgM and have no clinical significance.
  • Have not been implicated in HDFN because the antibodies do not cross the placenta, and the antigens are not well developed at birth.
A

LEWIS ANTIBODIES: Anti-Lea and Anti-Leb

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23
Q

The most commonly encountered of the Lewis antibodies is?

A

Anti-Le^a

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24
Q

One of the function of IgG is that is efficient in binding the complement TRUE or FALSE?

A

False, it should be IgM

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24
Q

Le (a-b-) what is the white and blacks?

A

White: 6, Black: 22

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25
Q

Le (a+b-) what is the white and blacks?

A

White: 22, Black: 23

26
Q

Le (a-b+) what is the white and blacks?

A

White: 72, Black: 55

26
Q

How many percent are non-secretors

A
  • 20%
26
Q

Le (a+b+) what is the white and blacks?

A

White: rare, Black: rare

27
Q

How many percent of the white population are secretors

A

78 to 80%

28
Q

In terms of Le(a-b-) individuals
o (?) are secretors
o (?) are non-secretors

A

80%; 20%

29
Q

arises from the inheritance of Le, Se and H gene.

A

Le (a-b+) red cell phenotype

30
Q

Lewis antigens found in the SECRETIONS are

A

glycoproteins

30
Q

Lewis antigens found in the PLASMA are

A

glycolipids

30
Q

from newborn infant’s phenotype as Le (a-b-).

A

Cord blood and RBCs

30
Q

comprised the P, P1 and Pk antigens and later, Luke (LKE).

A

P BGS

31
Q

is assigned to the Globoside blood group system (028, GLOB).

A

P

31
Q

are not detectable in plasma until about 10 days after birth.

A

Lewis glycolipids

31
Q

Red cells adsorb only (?) and not (?), onto the membrane.

A

glycolipids,glycoproteins

31
Q
  • A person can be a nonsecretor (sese) and still secrete Lea into the body fluids. TRUE or FALSE?
A

True

32
Q

P gene located at chromosome

A

chromosome 3 q26.1

32
Q

P BGSCommon precursor?

A

Lactosylceramide (Gb2)

33
Q

are assigned to the P1Pk Blood Group system (003, P1Pk)

A

P1 and Pk

33
Q

are assigned to the Globoside Collection (029, GLOB).

A

LKE and PX2

33
Q

P1PK gene is located at chromosome

A

chromosome 22 q11.2

33
Q

is also used for the production of ABO.

A
  • Paragloboside
33
Q

Under P BGS: RBCs, lymphocytes, granulocytes, and monocytes

A

P1, P, Pk

34
Q

plasma as glycosphingolipids and as glycoproteins in hydatid cyst fluid.

A

P and Pk

34
Q

Under P BGS:platelets, epithelial cells, and fibroblasts.

A

P

34
Q

Parasite that produces cyst

A

Echinococcus granulosus.

34
Q

o ➔ Poorly expressed at birth and may take up to 7 years to be fully expressed.
o ➔ It deteriorates rapidly on storage
o ➔ Blacks have stronger expressions of P1 than whites.

A

P Antigen

35
Q

2 categories of P Ab

A
  1. Clinically insignificant
  2. Potently hemolytic
35
Q

➔ Common, naturally occurring IgM antibody in the sera of P- (negative) individuals.
➔ Typically weak, cold reactive saline agglutinin optimally reactive at 4 degrees Celsius (IgM) and not seen in routine testing.

A

Anti-P1

36
Q

Anti-P1 is associated in?

A

parasitic infections.

37
Q

➔ Infected with Echinococcus granulosus tapeworms led to the identification of P1 and Pk substance in hydatid cyst fluid

A

Anti-P1 in P1 individuals

38
Q

have also been found in patients with fascioliasis (bovine liver fluke disease) and in bird handlers.

A

Anti-P1 in P1 individuals

39
Q

is a parasitic infection typically caused by Fasciola hepatica

A

Fascioliasis

39
Q

Anti-P1 in P1 individuals associated to?

A

tumor hydatid mole.

39
Q

➔ It has the potential to cause severe HTR and HDFN.

A

Anti-PP1Pk (example of potent hemolysis)

40
Q

➔ Originally called anti-Tja.
➔ First described in the serum of Mrs. Jay, a p individual with adenocarcinoma of the stomach.

A

Anti-PP1Pk (example of potent hemolysis)

41
Q

Anti-PP1Pk (example of potent hemolysis) is associated in?

A

➔ It is also associated with an increased incidence of spontaneous abortions in early pregnancy

42
Q

Autoanti-P associated with PCH (Paroxysmal Cold Hemoglobinuria) associated in?

A

➔ Associated with the cold reactive IgG autoantibody in patients with PCH

42
Q

➔ Rarely seen but is very significant in transfusion.
➔ IgG class anti-P may occur and has been associated with habitual early abortion.

A

Allo Anti-P (antibody being formed against different individual but same specie)

43
Q

can react both in a cold and warm temperature.

A
  • Biphasic
43
Q
  • Antibody binds to RBCs in the cold.
  • Via complement activation, the coated RBCs lyse as they are warmed to 37 degrees Celsius
A

IgG autoantibody in PCH-biphasic hemolysin:

44
Q

➔ Demonstrated only by the Donath-Landsteiner Test. ➔ Tube will be exposed to cold temperature then warm.
➔ Upon warming, we can observe lysis aside from agglutination.

A

Autoanti-P associated with PCH (Paroxysmal Cold Hemoglobinuria)

45
Q

→ Described by Tippett and colleagues in 1965 in the serum of a patient with Hodgkin’s Lymphoma.

A

Luke (LKE) Antigen

45
Q

Luke (LKE) Antigen 3 phenotypes?

A

● 80% tested Luke+
● 14% Luke (w)
● 2% Luke-

46
Q
  • Lewis Blood group system are also seen in secretors. TRUE or FALSE?
A

TRue

46
Q

Disease-associated in P BGS:
Parasitic infections
- Echinococcus granulosus
- fasciola hepatica/ fascioliasis

A

Anti-P1

46
Q
  • ISBT System Symbol:
A

I

46
Q

Disease-associated in P BGS: Early abortions

A

● Anti-PP1Pk or Allo anti-P

46
Q

Disease-associated in P BGS: : (PCH) paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria

A

● Autoanti-P

46
Q

All individuals with the p and Pk phenotype are

A

Luke

46
Q

Disease-associated in P BGS: provides some protection against HIV infection of peripheral blood mononuclear cells

A

● Pk

46
Q

Disease-associated in P BGS: receptor for shiga toxins, which cause shigella dysentery and E.coli- associated HUS

A

● The Pk antigen

47
Q

Disease-associated in P BGS: receptors for P-fimbriated uropathogenic E.coli (Causes UTI).

A

● The P system antigens

47
Q
  • ISBT System Number
A

027

47
Q

Disease-associated in P BGS: is the receptor of human parvovirus B19 - 5th disease of childhood with slapped cheek appearance

A

● P

47
Q

→ Rare
→ Slightly more common in Japan, North Sweden, and in an Amish group in Ohio

A

p Phenotype

47
Q
  • “I” and “i” have also been found in the
A

the plasma and serum of adults and newborns and in saliva, human milk, amniotic fluid, urine, and ovarian cyst fluid.

47
Q

ISBT Clinical Significance

A

NO

47
Q

I for (?)

A

individulaity

47
Q

antigens are found on the membranes of leukocytes and platelets in addition to RBCs.

A

“I” and “i”

48
Q

Infants RBCs are rich in “?”: “?” is almost undetectable.

A

i; I

49
Q

Patients with this condition will often develop strong agglutination with “i” or “I” specificity and can experience a transient episode of acute and abrupt hemolysis as the infection resolves

A

Mycoplasma pneumonia infections (walking pneumonia).

49
Q

During the first (?)months of life, the quantity of “i” slowly decreases as “I” increases until adult proportions are reached.

A

18 months

49
Q
  • Found in the serum of many normal healthy individuals and is benign- it is not associated with in vivo RBC destruction (intravascular hemolysis)
A

Autoanti-I

49
Q
  • It is a common autoantibody that can be found in virtually all sera.
  • Testing at 4°C and/ or against enzyme treated RBCs may be required to detect the reactivity.
  • It is not associated with HDFN because the antibody is IgM, and the I antigen is poorly expressed on infant RBCs.
A

Anti-I

50
Q

Weak, naturally occurring, saling reactive IgM agglutinin

A

Autoanti-I

50
Q

Pathogenic autoanti-I associated with?

A

Cold Agglutinin Disease/CAD.

51
Q
  • When peripheral circulation cools in response to low ambient temperatures,these antibodies attach in vivo and cause agglutination and peripheral vascular occlusion (acrocyanosis) or hemolytic anemia
A

Pathogenic autoanti-I

51
Q
  • The production of autoanti-I may be stimulated by microorganisms carrying (?) like antigen on their surface.
A

10

52
Q

Autoanti-I is associated with?

A

Mycoplasma pneumonia infections (walking pneumonia).

53
Q

of IgM and IgG anti-l reacting preferentially at 37°C have also been found in patients with (?) with a special association with Hodgkin’s disease

A

WAIHA (Warm Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia)

53
Q
  • Typically reacts with adult and cord RBCs equally well at room temperature and at 4°C.
A

Pathogenic anti-I

53
Q
  • Adult i – also known as
A

HEMPAS (Hereditary Erythroblastic Multinuclearity with Positive Acidify Serum test)

53
Q
  • Exists as an IgM or IgG antibody in the serum of most individuals with the adult “i” phenotype
A

Alloanti-I

53
Q

have also been described and have been associated with HDFN.

A
  • IgG Anti-i
53
Q
  • Reacts strongly with cord RBCs, weakly with normal adult RBCs and most weakly with adult i RBCs
A

I^t Antigen and Antibody

53
Q

never described.

A
  • Alloanti-i:
53
Q

Potent examples are associated with infectious mononucleosis (Epstein Barr virus infections) and some lymphoproliferative disorders. Associated with hempas antigen. hereditary erythroblastic multinuclearity with positive acidified serum lysis test

A
  • Autoanti-i

BB Lec (4 decks)

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