3.1.1 CNS & neurotransmitters

Question 1

What is the central nervous system made up of ?

Answer 1

Brain and spinal cord

Question 2

What is the nervous system made up of ?

Answer 2

Brain, spinal cord and network of neurons

Question 3

What is the central nervous system responsible for ?

Answer 3

Sending, receiving and interpreting information from all parts of the body

Question 4

What is the nervous system responsible for ?

Answer 4

Monitoring and coordinating internal organ functions and responds to changes in the external environment

Question 5

What is the two parts of the nervous system ?

Answer 5

Central nervous system and peripheral nervous system

Question 6

What is the brain responsible for ?

Answer 6

Processing and interpreting sensory information from the spinal cord

Question 7

What is the spinal cord responsible for ?

Answer 7

Reflex actions

Question 8

What is the outer layer of the brain ?

Answer 8

Cerebral cortex

Question 9

What sends information via the spinal cord to the brain ?

Answer 9

Nerves in our body

Question 10

How do neurons in the brain pass messages ?

Answer 10

Through electrical impulses

Question 11

What is the function of a neutron ?

Answer 11

Receive and transmit messages in the brain in response to information received from the rest of the body

Question 12

How are signals passed to the next neuron ?

Answer 12

By diffusing across a synapse

Question 13

What is the function of dendrites ?

Answer 13

To carry impulses from neighbouring neurons

Question 14

What is role of the axon ?

Answer 14

To pass electrical impulses to the axon terminals

Question 15

What does the cell body (soma) carry ?

Answer 15

Genetic material

Question 16

What is the myelin sheath ?

Answer 16

A fatty layer, glial cells wrapped around the axon

Question 17

What is the axon hillock ?

Answer 17

Where the nerve impulse if triggered from

Question 18

What is the function of the axon terminal ?

Answer 18

To pas nerve impulses from the cell body to parts of the body they control / activate

Question 19

What is the function of the vesicles ?

Answer 19

Storing neurotransmitters ready for the next stage of neural transmission

Question 20

What is action potential ?

Answer 20

Electrical impulse that is triggered by a change in electrical potential of the neuron

Question 21

What is the resting membrane potential of a neuron ?

Answer 21

-70mV

Question 22

What is depolarisation ?

Answer 22

Negative to positive charge switch rapidly

Question 23

What are the steps of synaptic transmission ?

Answer 23

1. Vesicles release neurotransmitters
2. Diffuse across synaptic cleft
3. Match to receptors on post synaptic neuron
4. Chemical signal converted back to electrical signal
5. Neurotransmitters molecules reabsorbed into presynaptic neurons through transporters

Question 24

What are transporters ?

Answer 24

Proteins

Question 25

What might fire another action potential during synaptic transmission ?

Answer 25

If the threshold for depolarisation is reached

Question 26

What does excitatory mean ?

Answer 26

Increases positive charge of post synaptic neuron making action potential more likely to fire

Question 27

What does inhibitory mean ?

Answer 27

Increases negative charge of post synaptic neuron making action potential less likely to fire

Question 28

What are examples of neurotransmitters ?

Answer 28

Dopamine, serotonin, noradrenaline, acetylcholine

Question 29

What is the sensory neuron ?

Answer 29

Carries messages from the sensory receptors along nerves in PNS to CNS

Question 30

What is the motor neuron ?

Answer 30

Carries messages from CNS along nerve to PNS to effectors in body

Question 31

What is the relay neuron ?

Answer 31

Connects the sensory and motor neurons together