CHAPTER 1

Question 1

How is life defined?

Answer 1

Cells -> organisms are made of cells
Regulation -> regulating your internal Environment (homeostasis)
Energy Processing -> living things need energy
Growth & Development -> developing over a period of time
Reproduction -> passing of successful genetics to their offsprings
Order -> the taxonomic category above family
Response to the environment (adapting)
Evolution (evolutionary adaptation) -> over generations

Question 2

What are the three domains of life?

Answer 2

Prokaryotes -> an organism characterized by prokaryotic cell; Bacteria (unicellular microorganism) and Archaea (Unicellular organism found in extreme environments)

Eukaryotes -> an organism characterized by eukaryotic cells; including protists, plants, fungi, & animals

Question 3

What are the four kingdoms of eukaryotes?

Answer 3

Animals (heterotrophs) -> eat other organisms
Plants (autotrophs) -> make their own food
Fungi (mushroom) -> decomposers
Protists (junk drawer) -> EX: Euglena: can eat food & has chloroplast to make food

Question 4

describe & define levels of biological organization

Answer 4

Biosphere -> global ecosystem; entire portion of earth inhabited by life
Ecosystem -> a biological communist & its physical environment
Communities -> all organisms inhabiting & interacting in a particular area
Populations -> same species living & interacting with each other same place and time
Organisms -> individuals
Organ & Organ System -> structure of two or more tissues with specific functions; group of organs working together
Tissues -> group of similar cells with specific functions
Cells -> smallest unit of “life”
Organelles -> membrane-enclosed structure with a specialized function
Molecules -> group of two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds
Atoms -> smallest unit of matter

Question 5

What are the 2 main scientific approaches? Give examples & define them. Which approach uses inductive or deductive reasoning?

Answer 5

Discovery Science -> describing nature (observing the natural world/ collecting data); uses inductive reasoning (from specific to general). EX: Charles Darwin

Hypothesis-Driven Science -> doing experiments/ using scientific method; uses duductive reasoning (from general to specific) EX:

Question 6

What are the steps involved in the scientific method?

Answer 6

-Observation
-Question
-Hypothesis (educated guess)
-Make a prediction & test it
-Come up with a conclusion

Question 7

What is the difference between a theory and a hypothesis in science?

Answer 7

Theory -> vast body of evidence behind it & be testable & repeatable; EX: theory of evolution
Hypothesis -> educated guess

Question 8

Define evolution & natural selection. Who first proposed it?

Answer 8

Evolution -> change in the genetic composition (DNA) of a population from generation to generation
Natural Selection -> a process in which individuals with certain inherited traits re more likely to survive & reproduce than are individuals that do not have those traits
Charles Darwin & Alfred Russel Wallace proposed it but separately.