EXAM 4 ( IV THERAPY AND IV MED, shock, diabetes)

Question 1

Common angiocath sizes

Answer 1

18,20,22 ( the smaller the gauge number the bigger the needle)

Question 2

Patient is going to surgery,
which gauge angio should be
inserted?

Answer 2

18

Question 3

Homeostasis is ..

Answer 3

1.) maintained when fluid and electrolytes are delivered to cell bodies and wastes removed
2.) stable internal environment
3.) bodys way of self-regulation, state of equilibrium
4.) ICF and ECF
-

Question 4

definition of diffusion

Answer 4

• movement of molecules from area of high concentration to lower

Question 5

Osmosis

Answer 5

• H2O moves through semipermeable membrane from area of low solute concentration to high

Question 6

% of body fluid for NB,M,F

Answer 6

new born 75-80
male 55-60
female 50-55

Question 7

A pt presents having 0.45% NaCl drip attached to their IV. What is this most likely being used to treat?

Answer 7

Hypernatremia- A high concentration of sodium in the blood

Question 8

What are the general nursing responsibilities?

Answer 8

-Oriented to machine and alarms

-Know med used (usual dose, concentration, compatibility, and rate)

-Important to always monitor IV site

Question 9

What are the 2 potential risks of IV infusion?

Answer 9

IV infiltration- when some of the fluid leaks out into the tissues under the skin where the tube has been put into your vein.

Extravasation- The leakage of blood, lymph, or other fluid, such as an anticancer drug, from a blood vessel or tube into the tissue around it.

Question 10

What causes Shock?

Answer 10

Inadequate tissue perfusion.

Question 11

Adequate Tissue Perfusion Requires what 3 things?

Answer 11

1 - Adequate cardiac pump
2 - intact circulatory system
3 - sufficient blood volume.

Question 12

A pt presents with recent polyuria, polydipsia and has lost 30 lbs last month. These are all S/S of ______?

Answer 12

Type 1 DM

Question 13

A pt presents with Polyuria, polyphagia, and has noted some numbness and tingling in their feet. These are S/S of ______?

Answer 13

Type 2 DM

Question 14

Oral drugs work on 3 defects of type 2 DM, what are they?

Answer 14

• Insulin resistance
• decreased insulin production
• increased hepatic glucose production

Question 15

A rarely used inhaled insulin:______. What should we know about it?

Answer 15

Afrezza
Can’t give if respiratory condition

Question 16

A pt is going to surgery, which gauge angio should be inserted?

Answer 16

18 gauge

Question 17

Fluids that contain protein or starches that remain in vascular space and increase osmotic pressure_____?

Answer 17

colloids

Question 18

Type of solution used to TX dehydration?

Answer 18

hypotonic

Question 19

The only solution to adm with Blood products?

Answer 19

0.9% NS
0.9% NaCl

Question 20

You are evaluation a pt after a surgery that went well, what type of solution is the pt most likely on?

Answer 20

isotonic

Question 21

List the electrolyte solutions a pt could be given.

Answer 21

• LR (Lactated Ringers)
• D5LR (5% Dextrose in Lactated Ringers)
• Ringer’s Injection
• D5R (5% Dextrose in Ringer’s)
• Potassium Chloride (KCL) as an additive

Question 22

A pt has increased swelling in his legs and abdomen. Which solution type would be most beneficial?

Answer 22

hypertonic

Question 23

Which electrolyte requires the verification of kidney function prior to administering?

Answer 23

potassium

Question 24

A pt who has had an IV of NaCl is experiencing an irregular, weak pulse, muscle cramps, and constipation. what is the pt most likely suffering from and relate it to something.

Answer 24

Hypokalemia rt sodium increase from IV

Question 25

A pt’s IV site is swollen, Blanched, and spongy when palpated what has happened?

Answer 25

Infiltration.

Question 26

What are the nurse’s 3 considerations of administering meds by IV.

Answer 26

1.) absorption
2.) compatibility
3.) Asepsis

Question 27

What are the 3 methods of IV Med Administration?

Answer 27

• Primary IV Infusion
• IV Push(bolus)
• Intermittent Infusion

Question 28

3 examples of meds that might be administered via IV push, what are they?

Answer 28

• furosemide(Lasix)
• hydromorphone (Dilaudid)
• ondansetron (Zofran)

Question 29

The nurse is preparing an IV bolus of Lasix 20 mg. to be administered over 2 min. How many mL would be given every thirty seconds?

Answer 29

0.5 ml

Question 30

SASAS is an acronym they gave us for maintaining the Patency of a saline lock, what does it mean?

Answer 30

Saline

Aspirate

Saline

Administer med

Saline

Question 31

Flushing and locking is essential to ensure _______ and prevent _________.

Answer 31

Patency, occlusion.

Question 32

After preparing and and attaching an IVPB to the upper port, what must a nurse do?

Answer 32

Back prime secondary tubing

Question 33

A nurse is administering an IV bolus through a saline lock. List the steps according to correct procedure.

A. Assess site, alcohol lock, flush, aspirate, flush, alcohol lock, administer med, alcohol lock, flush

B. Alcohol lock, flush, alcohol lock, administer med, flush

C. Assess site, alcohol lock, flush, administer med.

Answer 33

A. Assess site, alcohol lock, flush, aspirate, flush, alcohol lock, administer med, alcohol lock, flush

Question 34

Controlled Analgesia is what?

Answer 34

Safe method for pain management, med administered by pt at a set interval.

Question 35

What are the three types of PCA pump modes? Describe them.

Answer 35

1.) Basal mode: pt receives a continuous infusion of a low dose of med to achieve pain relief
2.) Demand mode: pt receives dose intermittently when a button is pushed by pt
3.) Demand w. Basal mode: both used for additional pain control.

Question 36

What is Hypovolemic shock?

Answer 36

Decreased intravascular volume due to external fluid loss or internal fluid shift.

Question 37

A pt is in Septic shock, what is happening to them?

Answer 37

• Vasodilation
• Maldistribution of blood flow
• Myocardial depression( resp failure, organ shutdown).