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bio 11.1 (botany) > Exercise 8: The Root > Flashcards

Exercise 8: The Root Flashcards

1
Q

Give the 2 basic functions of root systems.

A
  • absorption of water and minerals
  • anchorage
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2
Q

Give the 2 classifications of root systems.

A
  • taproot system
  • fibrous system
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3
Q

Which among the types of roots directly arise from the stem?

A

adventitious roots

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4
Q

TRUE or FALSE:
The fibrous root system is characterized by the loss of tap root in early development, leaving only the adventitious roots.

A

True

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5
Q

Differentiate the root systems of eudicots and monocots.

A
  • eudicots - possess taproot system
  • monocots - possess fibrous system
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6
Q

Give the 8 types of modified roots and their respective specimens.

A
  • buttress roots - kapok
  • climbing roots - philodendron
  • pneumatophores - mangroves
  • prop roots - corn
  • root nodules - makahiya, tamarind
  • stilt roots - pandan
  • strangling roots - strangler figs
  • storage roots - carrot, radish, turnip, sweet potato, or cassava
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7
Q

Give the 3 compositions of the primary root tissue.

A
  • epidermis
  • ground tissue
  • stele
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8
Q

It refers to the collection of vascular tissues in an organ.

A

stele

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9
Q

It refers to the outermost layer of parenchyma in the primary root tissue.

A

epidermis

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10
Q

It refers to the layer below the epidermis which comprises of the ground tissue.

A

cortex

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11
Q

It refers to the specialized sub-epidermal layer in the roots of zea mays.

A

exodermis

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12
Q

TRUE or FALSE:
The exodermis arises from the same primary meristem as the cortex.

A

True

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13
Q

It refers to the layer of small, compact cells below the cortex.

A

endodermis

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14
Q

TRUE or FALSE:
The endodermis possesses thicker cell walls in its inner surface.

A

True

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15
Q

It refers to the outermost tissue of the stele below the endodermis.

A

pericycle

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16
Q

In which layer of the primary root tissue do lateral roots arise?

A

pericycle

17
Q

Describe the arrangement of the primary xylem and phloem in the pericycle.

A

The primary xylem and phloem are arranged in a radially alternating manner.

18
Q

It refers to the core of the primary root composed of ground tissue.

A

pith

19
Q

Which type of xylem consists of tracheids and produces secondary cell walls earlier during root development?

A

protoxylem

20
Q

Which type of xylem consists of either tracheids or vessels and grows larger before depositing the secondary cell wall?

A

metaxylem

21
Q

Differentiate the 2 patterns of xylem development.

A
  • exarch - the protoxylem is found outer to the metaxylem
  • endarch - the protoxylem is found inner to the metaxylem
22
Q

It refers to roots with two, three, four, or many protoxylem poles.

A
  • diarch - 2 protoxylem poles
  • triarch - 3 protoxylem poles
  • tetrach - 4 protoxylem poles
  • polyarch - innumerable protoxylem poles
23
Q

Differentiate the structure of the young Vicia sp. root x.s. to the structure of the Zea mays x.s.

A
  • no exodermis
  • less protoxylem poles
  • possible absence of pith
24
Q

Give the 2 types of lateral meristems that function in secondary growth.

A
  • vascular cambium
  • cork cambium
25
Q

Which lateral meristem arises from undifferentiated remnants of procambium and the pericycle?

A

vascular cambium

26
Q

Which lateral meristem arises from the epidermis, cortex, endodermis, or pericycle?

A

cork cambium

27
Q

It refers to the layer that separates the inner secondary xylem and outer secondary phloem of the vascular tissue of the old Vernonia sp. root x.s.

A

vascular cambium

28
Q

It refers to the collective term which describes the tissue layers outside the cortex.

A

periderm

29
Q

Give the 3 layers of the periderm from the outermost to the innermost sub-layer.

A
  • phellem (cork)
  • phellogen (cork cambium)
  • phelloderm (cork parenchyma)
30
Q

TRUE or FALSE:
The cells of the periderm are flattened and radially aligned.

A

True

bio 11.1 (botany) (9 decks)

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