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6-Politics- Paper 3- USA > Democracy And Participation- Political Parties > Flashcards

Democracy And Participation- Political Parties Flashcards

1
Q

Democrats typical supporters

A

Female urban
Degree educated
Woke
Black hispanic
Lgbtq+

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2
Q

Factions of democrats

A

Blue dog coalition- con
Centrists- mdoerate
Progressive/liberals

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3
Q

Blue dog coalition

A

Con
Trad many ccon demorats based in south
Both fiscally and socially con
Willing conmrpomise with republicans
Not done well- 6 lost 2020
Joe manchin wisconsin
Agrue that america becme increasingly con need to respond this- by keep tax low and protect trad values
Democrats for life of america- pro life

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4
Q

Centrists demeocrats

A

1980s need more moderate to respond election
Modernise trad denmocrat party- bridge gap left and right- clinton 2 election victory with new democratic coalition
Ron kind- wisconsin

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5
Q

Progressive/liberal democrats

A

Econ centrist and socially liberal
Senator warren
Sanders

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6
Q

Unity in democrats in economy

A

Increase tax for richest and corportions
Increase gov spending
Willingness to increae regilations on businesses
Incrasing fed min wgae to 15 dollar per housr
Say go furher warren firther 2% over 50 mill

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7
Q

Social and moral issues democrats unites

A

Support lgbt rights
Rpo choice
Environment- biden green new deal 1.7trn
Immigration reform- dream act
Ending death penalty
Warren- mroe refuggees
Macnchin- pro life, tougher law immigration

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8
Q

Welfare and social justice democrats united

A

Healthcare right rather than privilege- suport obamacare
Greater role gov in providing a safety net for most vulnerable
Stornegr paternity/maternity rights
Reduction in student tuition fees
Left free uni
Warren and sanders medicare for all

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9
Q

Republican factions

A

Social con
Fiscal con
Neocon
Moderates
Libertarian wing
Populaist movement

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10
Q

Socially con in republicans

A

Emerge 1970s react to usa downward spiral
Aim create clearer mroal framework and ethical code for ocuntry
Associated with christian right- pro life, opp gay marriage, trad family values

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11
Q

Fiscal con- r

A

Hayek and friendemn ideology
Too much state inetrvention stifles econ and market forces guide people to make most profitable use of their resources
Supsicious of gov inetrvention except law and order
Have links with trad business wing of party and favour tax cuts and dcereasing gov spending
Freedom caucaus

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12
Q

Neo con r

A

Take a hawkish approach to foriegn policy and emphasise the importance of challenging hostile regime and promote american ideas aborad
Increasing defence spending

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13
Q

Moderates r

A

Less con agenda
Rinos
Senator susan collins- maine
Often support democratic party, not vote in favour of lgeislation to repeal obamacare
Spport gun control
Prochoice on abortion, storong suport lgbt rights

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14
Q

Libertarian wing r

A

Free market
Minimal gov control
Isolationsit foriegn policy
Ron paul (lib) v rubio 2015 tv debate ron paul critic rubio hawkish stance on ru

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15
Q

Populist movemebt r

A

2016 politico article- trump split cop in 2
Trad values limited gov
Yet trump resentful washington establishment, trump brand populsim

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16
Q

Unity republican party on econ

A

Dont increase tax
Fiscal con
Gov spned limited
Business regulation minimal
No increase min wage
Trump 2017 tax reform 21% corp tax lowerd

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17
Q

Republican party not united econ

A

Taxes divided
Pew research cnetre 31% r more willing back candidate raise tax on wealthy, 34% no, 34% not caree

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18
Q

Social an moral issues agree r

A

Pro life
Trad family values- dont say gay bill florida ban books
Opp carbon tax and other emissions regulations
Strong support gun righst
Opp dream act which would allow greater immigration

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19
Q

Not united r on social and moral issues

A

Rinos susan collins maine- pro choice abortion, lgbtq, support gun control
Yet in minority

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20
Q

Welfare and social justice- unity in r

A

Housing costs welfare minimal, state level
Ie roe v wade left to state
Opp obamacare
Restrictions medicare
Opp lower uni fees

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21
Q

Welfare and social jsutice not agrree r

A

One r congressman cao iowa suppotr obamacare aca
Yougov 2023 47% young republicans support more gun controls, 23% older r
71% gov aid to poor more harm than good, yet poor under 30k 48% said more good than harm

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22
Q

Defence unity r

A

Neo con hawkish increase spending
Challenge hostile regimes such as iraq and afghanistan

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23
Q

Defence not united r

A

V divisive
Liberals ron paul critic rubio on hawkish ru- isolationsit fp liberal wing
Populaist rtunp make america great again

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24
Q

Compare two parties econ

A

D increase fed min wage $15/h
Increase rate corporation tax
Guarenttee euqal pay women
Higher gov spending- biden 2021 build back better bill 1.9trn

R- oppose increase fed min wage, decrease corp tax rate

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25
Q

Healthcare companies two parties

A

Strength obamacare- low or no cost for all americans esp if sanders

R- overturn obamacare, restrict medicare (help old people on low income )m insurance scheme limit gov spendng

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26
Q

Abortion comapre two parteis

A

D pro choice, support planned partnthood

R- sanctity of lide prolife

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27
Q

Minority rights compare two parties

A

Pro lgbtq, support sc legislation samee sex marriage, support blm

R- trad marriage ebetween 1 man and 1 woman is the foundation for a free society
Reversal sc legalise same sex marriage

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28
Q

Environment compare two parties

A

Eliminate carrbon power plants 2035, invest infratsucture 500mill solar panels, 60,000 wind farms
R support keystone pipeline

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29
Q

Gun control comp two parties

A

D we must take sensible action to adress gun violence, expand background checks

R- opp any measures that threaten right to bear arms

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30
Q

Immigration comp two parties

A

D create a path to asylum for undocumented immirants

R oppose anny form amnesty for illegal imigrants

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31
Q

Fp compare two parties

A

Bring foreweer wars to a resounding end- end us saudi led war yemen

R- restore our nations power

Both support ukraine, trad both support israerl but recent reluctance by democrats

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32
Q

Education- ccompare two parrteis

A

D- support affirmative action, uni tuition fee free whose families earn less 125,000/yr

R opp nat curriculum- common core
Replace family palnning with abstinence

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33
Q

Policy compare- social and cultural issue

A

Similarity- officially spport 2nd ammendment, agree problem illegal immigration needs to be tackled

Diff- abortion vast majority democracy pro choice, some in s pro life
Majority r pro lfie except rhinos senator susan collins- extreme cases outrght ban in all cases
Gay marriage- 2020 d ‘we support marriage equally’, gop dsupport trad marriage
Climate change d profss green deal
R death penalty biden abolished

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34
Q

Econ comp two parties

A

Similarity- fundamental principles with capacity and free marrket
Decrease deficit
Close tax loopsholes

Diff- d regulate to increase fairness and equity, r too mcuh influence on individ liebrty
D increease fed min wage, vast majority r opp
D higher levels tax and more spending- 292 prgressive inc sandarrs taxes for working society fairer- stimiulus over market led recovery
R party lower taxes

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35
Q

Welfare and social justice comp two parties

A

Similaritiy nhs not apply usa
Financial support covid both- but exceptional circumstances

Diff- big gov v small gov- d increase equity and sfety net market vulnerable, affrimative action obamacare
R minimal intervention and regulation by fed gov- clal repeal obamacare
D 2020 platform decrease burgden sydent debt and increase maternity partenity beneifts
R oppose slef help and personal responsibility

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36
Q

Etv currently the most significant diff are between rather than within parties

A

Trad within
Gore vidal 1976- it maes not diff which party you vote party you vote for- the 2 parties are really one party
Yet in recent years increasingly polarised - ashbee- europeanisation

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37
Q

Comparative - lab and democrat- econ similar

A

Similar- signif role for gov
Greater equity and fairness in econ sysetm
Both willing to increase taxes- esp rich and spend mroe
Degree regulatioon
Biden build back better bill 1.9trn
Corporation atx and vat school fees
Increase corp tax to 26%

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38
Q

Comparative lab and democrat diff on econ

A

Lab more intervention than democrats- nationalise railways water mail 2019 manifesto
Caluse 4
Corbyn free broadcast

39
Q

Comparative lab and democrat- welfare and social justice similar

A

State key role in provide safety net for most vulnerable and hlep those at bottom of socio economic ladder- big gov
Lab remove 2 child cap
Obamacare and ira decrease costs

40
Q

Comp lab and d welafre and social justice diff

A

Nhs storng protectionist lab- not case democrats- lab increase budget nhs 4.3%
Cut privatisation
More extreme lab abolsit uni fees 2019, d remove student loan debt after 20y

41
Q

Comp lab and d moral and social poilcy similar

A

Tolerant and progrssive forefront of dirve to protect rights
Immigrants more op to

42
Q

Moral and social policuy- comp politics lab and democrat

A

Lab doesnt need to focus on agreement in principle on abortion and gay marriage
More willing recently curb immigration - lab
D culture war

43
Q

Con and r econ similar

A

Stress importance individ freedom
Role of gov in econ fsall
Fewer regulation
Aim cut tax and cut spending
Con cut debt esp aurtrity- r wish cut defiict

44
Q

Econ diff con and r

A

Triple lock pensions
Unitary v fed gov dif on tax sysetms

45
Q

Con and r- welafre and social jsutice similar

A

Small gov
Self reliance
Con 2 child policy cap- means tested benefist
Increase immigration control rwanda and wall

46
Q

Welfare social justice diff con and r

A

Increase nhs budget- replace obamacare and limits on gov funding senior helathcare
Con prgmatic gop ideological

47
Q

Moral ans coail policy simialr con and r

A

Neither party protect minority rights
Enphasis trad family values
Equally opp immiration rwanda

48
Q

Moral and social diff con and r

A

Less culture war in uk
Guns irrelevant uk

49
Q

Polarisation in usa

A

Culture war
1990s pat buchannon- there is a war going on in our country for the soul of america
2004 presdienial election- ‘faith flag and family election’- moral issues most important
Recent years tea party moves focus on the size of us gov

50
Q

Hyperpartisanship

A

Brownstein
The 2nd civil war
Detrimental us politics- ‘inflamed our diff’ ‘impeded progress’ on ‘most pressing challenges’

Evidence- clear ideological diff- democrats increasingly lib, gop more con
Greater party identity- less reaching across the aisle
Grassroots activity nincrease- culture war
Extreme partisanship acorss media- fox news
Geography divide- red v blue states

51
Q

Not a culture war

A

Fiorina
Cultue ware?
Moderate factions within 2 main partiees still exists
Party activists- more extreme on issues such as abortion- less than 25% americans for total ban abortion
Media inc fox and talk show hots- limbaugh hype up party divides and exacerbate ideological differences
Independent voters- more moderate crucial for electoral sucess
Some reaching across the ails on fentnyl bipartisanship

52
Q

2020 state of the union adress

A

Trump
Demonstrates political divide
T focused extensively on econ, highly sucess- low unemployment and increase stock market
Barely any attempts at bipratrisan outreach but did for decreasing cost of medicine
Rare comm offend- need rebuild us infrastructure -both sides applause
Direct alternative d- we will never let socialism take oevr healthcare
Call congress pass legislation to ban late term abortions
Needs greater immmigration
Protect 2nd ammendment
Nancy pelosi tore up speech afetr

53
Q

3rd parties examples

A

Libertarian parties
Green party
Constitution party

54
Q

Libertarian party

A

Claims to be 3rd party
2020 candidate for presidential election jo jorgenson
In ballot all 50 states 1.2% vote
Key ideas extention of individ liberty all spheres of life liassez faire econ policu opp on regimes of matters relating to moral conditions

55
Q

Green party

A

Main environmental party
2020 hawkins ballt 29 seats, 0.2% pop votes
2000 ralf nader- less 3% total vote- 97,500 vote florida viewed as crucial in determining final outcome of controling elections

56
Q

Constitution party

A

Extreme right wing party
2020 blankeship less 0.1% votes
All politics based on ‘unshakeable faith in our lord jesus christ’- abortion gyn control increaisngly opp

57
Q

3rd parties limited sucess why

A

Ideological barriers
Electoral barriers
Financial and comm barriers
Legal barriers

58
Q

V limited sucess- ideological barriers y

A

Narrow appeal- sectional ideolgical regional or promote single issue
D+r- catch all wide range voters
Polarising limited role otheers
2 parteis adaptable
Democracy envrion greenp party policies- tuyiton fees and green policy
Liberty faction gop

59
Q

3rd parties limited nfluence ideological barriers no

A

/comp- uk too minimal with ukip and lib dem

2000 ralf nadergreen party did v well florida with 97500 voted for push that by 2004 more environ friendsly
Hoystadter ‘sting like a bee then die’

60
Q

Eletoral barriers- liited sucess 3rd parties

A

Vast majority dont want wast votes on 3rd
Fptp
Peri=ot 1992 19% votes no ecv
Singh ambitious candiate likely go as r or d
Natural dualism- view no other options seyd

61
Q

Electoral barriers- no limited sucess

A

Bit perot- geogre bush snr not won
Uk more so w devoltion and pr

62
Q

Financial and comm barriers- limited sucess 3rd parties

A

Modern comapign costs lots
6bn 2022- jo jorgenon 3 mill
Need 5% popo ote in previosu election v diff

63
Q

Financial and comm barriers- limited sucess no

A

Uk ppb limited inmpact

64
Q

Legal barriers limited sucess 3rd

A

State ballot diff 3rd- texas need 5% in any state election

But liberals all 59
Uk just pay deposit and get back once met threshold

65
Q

Etv that us parties dont matter

A

Rep
Role in congress
Elections

66
Q

Parties dont matter rep yes

A

Broder argued us parties do not matter in this cntext
When writing 70 and 80s party similar ideologu and dont offer clear competing views
Ig useful rep

67
Q

Us parties not matter- rep no

A

Broder argument out of date- brownstein 2nd civil war polarising today
2 main aprty clear ideological choice for vters with distinct values and policies- democrats increase social justice, medicare envrion welfare state, republican immigration, pro life v prochoice
Rep diverse sosical demographic geogroaphical- d black aa voters, r white evangelicals

68
Q

Us parties dont matter role in congress ues

A

Trad role dont play signif role in congress- valid view in era of bi partisanship when broder was writing
Ocassional events of bipartisanship when party leaders seem matter less- urkaine war fundeing 13 mil hunanitarian and miiliarty aid, support isral mar 2022
Joe machin and sue collins moderates of each

69
Q

Us parties dont matter- role in congress no

A

High levels party unity in congressional voting and high levels partisanship ie appt- kavanaugh voters split rep for all
Became much mroe diff presidents to secure their priority in era of divided gov becasue ocmpromises between party is so hard to achieve- trump busget shitdown, bul dback betetr plan

70
Q

Us parties dont matter- elections yes

A

Parties lost control of candiate selection since 1968- us elections tend to be more candidate centred than party centred
Role of superpacs 2010 citizens united- hilary the movie, free speech and rich donors imp
Vital source of funds for cadidateas rather than parties

71
Q

Elections no us parteis dont mattetr

A

Rnc repm dnc dem have become more organised in recent years- role in election campaigns, level of organisation not as big as britain in nat comm
Endorsenments- help w trump for example, nra
Outsiders dont always win primaries biden won

72
Q

Political party funding comp politics

A

Uk tried- short money, usa matching funds- both failed

Rational choice theory- majorr parties obv more content with status quo than minor parties- dominate fundraising in built adv, lib dems disadv
Structural theory- uk parties choose candiates and fund campaigns- not happen usa, tv ads
Cultural theory- usa much more widely accepting trad of parties recieve funds with lobbbying and big business, more culturally accpeted than in uk

73
Q

Argments for political party funding

A

Would end parties reliance on welahy donors and make funds more fair and transparent
Easeir limit spending of state funds was linked to turnout may increase voter ingragemnt

74
Q

Arguments against party funding

A

Major paprties would have an advantage
Damage princile participation and might lead to objections from tax payers as money wont go to party they support

75
Q

Similarities comparative politics party systems

A

Both uk and us two dominaent parties with only politicans from these two parties heads exec
2 main parties dominate - all lab and con since 1945 pm
Us and uk 3rd party some power and indlfuence at relevent level- more so in uk with devlopution snp

76
Q

Comparative party systems differ

A

Uk stronger 3rd party pref us- devolution structural
2 party system uk pendulum effect
Us sops possible both parties hold power same time- during 2010-2016, 2018 divided gov

77
Q

Why strength 2 parties in us more than in uk

A

Fptp discourage against 3rd parties nationally- uk trad declien with 1995 96% lab or con, 2019 75%m 2015 67%
Two main parties broad catch all coer broad range ideological specturum- little room middle ground- in uk also with con having one nation and european research groi[ in con, but lesser extent as cl less pilicies rd- arguably move closer yet israel diff
Cost us elections v diff- 3rd parties compete- yet uk no tv ppb, lib dems outspent labour in 2019 yet failed
Legal barriers with 5% needed texas, not same in uk as just pay deposit
Cultural changes

78
Q

Cultural changes in uk more 3rd parties

A

Increase nationalism with devolution increasing snp
Inncrease nat wales plaid cymri
Troubles ni support nat dup
Pr reform
Brexit used to be dominated by ukip

79
Q

Comparative rational simaliarities

A

Voters choice most commonly determined by party has polcies best outcome for them Partisan dealignment- lab suces 2107 with abolish tuiition fees
Party line voting often determined by career aspirations of those witin a patry
Factors within a party are ofetn a reflection of personal beliefs of indivdi- tea party con rep, european research group or pop con right con
Pg action both with lobbyists or campaign to try to achieve best outcome with whatever access point scan use
Methods determine resources- extinction reblion lost time proetst us chamber commerce money

80
Q

Rational diff comp

A

3rd parties more sucessful uk specific interetsf of deveolved riegions nationalism

81
Q

Cultural similariteis

A

Expectation some societal growps vote certan way historically lab and d lower income
Party6 unity high in both increasing polcarisation, with kavanaugh or whips
Degree internal party unity determine by nat interestds of day- covid
Cmapaign reform failuyre - lack political motivation
Party political ideas
Growing media presence pg and shared belief in infleunce

82
Q

Cultural fiff

A

Uk parties are emore ideological coherent than us
Huperpartisan and polarised more in usa than uk with gerrymandering whilst uk indepnednet body electoral committee

83
Q

Structural similiarty

A

No of access points for pg is deternines by polictical structure of each contry which also determines the methosa and ifnluence that the groups may be able to achieve
Voting begavoir of patry members can be deternined by the process in which tehy find tehmselves, inc party disciplien and legilsation and electiroral processes
Constitutional framework of both countries deternines the elctoral process and resulting mandate gained from elected rep
Parties in both countries hold conventions or conferences to ifnorm, develop and legitimsie the polciies they will go on to advance

84
Q

Sturctural diff

A

The no access points far greater in usa than in uk
Whips are stronegr in uk than in usa and are able to enforce party deisicpleine far mroe effectively
Lobbyists spend considerably more in usa than uk due to diff in campaign finance regulations

85
Q

Ff on parties

A

Jefferson- men by their constitutions are naturally divided into two parties
Shared madison federalist paper number 10

86
Q

Republican extreme examples

A

Left senator collins pro choice- left ocmp senator blackburn right , v few circumstances in which abortion should be allowed

87
Q

Factors that can limit signif of parties in congress

A

Constituents- short election cycle, congresspeople must be mindful of views constituents if wish to be reelected, esp with primaries
Congressional caucauses- beyond party lines for common interest
Ig

88
Q

Signif caucaus ideological

A

Right wing republicans in house
Anti aca
2022- 43/209 republicans in reps members
§

89
Q

Liberal example policies

A

Bernie sanders- 2020 campign advocate free education universal healthcare and green new deal

90
Q

Moderates in democrates

A

Feinstein- seantor california- opp death penalty and suypport environ but not support gov takeover egheaalthcare

91
Q

Moderates republicans

A

Lisa murkowski and susan collins- introduced bill 2022 codify right to an abortion

92
Q

Social conservatives actions in rep

A

May 2022 rep vote with manchin block codification of abortion righst in usa

93
Q

Trump plans for 2024

A

Agenda47
Make tax cuts permenant
‘Drill baby drill’ end all restrictions on fossil fuel protection- environental policy
Tough on immigration- promising the ‘largest deportation in us histroy’, finish teh wall- currently half one, exec order to rrestore entry ban on visoitros from certain muslim majority countries- afghanistan, iran
End brithdright citizenship= children of illegla immigranst bron in usa us citizen
Domestic law and order- military intervention to control portests, death penalty for drug dealers
Education- teachers must show that they ‘embrace patrioyic values’, estbalish a new ‘anti woke’ uni

94
Q

Biden plans for 2024

A

Restore nationwide abortion rights- would encourage congress to pass law enshiren nationswide abortion righst- codify
Ban on assault weapons and better backrgound checks,
Reatempt introduce subsidised childcare and more generous parental leave
New voting rights acts- need to reintroduce 1965 act, voter id laws problem
Raise taxes on comapnises and the wealthy in order to pay for increased spendig
Reattempt to cnacel studentdebt- sc ruled agianst

6-Politics- Paper 3- USA (13 decks)

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