C1: Atomic structure Flashcards
State the mass and charge of protons, neutrons and electrons. (6)
Mass: Charge
Proton:1 Proton:1
Neutron:1 Neutron:0
Electron:0 Electron:-1
What is the mass number?
Protons + neutrons
What is the atomic number?
The number of protons
What did Democritus suggest?
Matter cannot be cut into smaller pieces - ATOMOS (indivisible)
What did John Dalton think atoms were?
He thought they were solid balls/ atoms combine to make compounds
Who discovered electrons and how and the plum pudding model?And how?
Jj Thompson - he used Cathode Ray Tube and found electrons
What was the plum pudding model?
The negatively charged electrons are embedded in a mass of positive charge
What did Ernest Rutherford suggest and what lead to this discovery?
Suggested that protons must be concentrated in tiny spot in the centre - positive nucleus
This is bc of the Gold Foil Experiment -
fired positive alpha particles at fin sheet of gold, some charges went through but some came back.
What did Neils Bohr come up with to do with the energy of atoms?
Electrons orbit nucleus at different distances - shells
What did James Chadwick discover?
The existence of neutrons( no charge)
What are isotopes? (2)
atoms of the same element that contain same number of protons but the different number of neutrons.
Why do isotopes have the same chemical properties ?
They have the same number of ELECTRONS
What are ions?
Atoms of the same element, with a different number of electrons
Name the people in order who are involved in history of atom and the main thing they did. (6)
Democritus - matter can’t be cut - ATOMOS
John Dalton - atoms are solid balls/ combines to make compound
JJ thompson - electrons existence (using Cathode Ray Tube) and plum pudding model
Ernest Rutherford - positive nucleus - Gold foil experiment
Neils Bohr - specific energy fo atoms (Quantum theory)
Electrons orbit nucleus at different distances - shells
James Chadwick - existence of neutrons
