Social control Flashcards
Define ‘legitimate power’
Belief that person has formal right to make demands & expect others’ compliance eg being seen as a legitimate auth fig in position of trust
Define ‘reward power’
Held by therapist because they can reward client with praise of rewards eg tokens to benefit behaviour + society
Define ‘expert power’
Given to someone who’s an expert in the field, having knowledge of a specific area of study, so giving informed advice
Define ‘Referent power’
The power someone has bc of their perceived attractiveness, worthiness, and right to respect others
Define ‘Coercive power’
Comes from the belief that a person can punish others for non-compliance
Understanding social control (2 aspects)
> Focuses on treatment/therapies, which can control a person’s behav and if the power lies with the therapist or the client.
> Also if person needs treatment. If they must, then issues with individual’s freedom in treatment must be considered
What are the 4 main elements of evaluating issues of social control?
1) Effectiveness of using social control to better someone
2) Choice of the person being controlled and whether or not they should have one
3) Control or cure when using social control
4) Power and the abuse of it
Token Economy Programmes TEPs
(LT/Crim)
How/why used? To treat anorexia and to encourage good behaviour in institutions.
Power of therapist- reward power (rewards indiv w tokens) , coercive power (eg. crim- if indiv doesnt follow, make be institutionalised) and legitimate power (indiv has to view practitioner as legitimate auth fig in order to comply & for practitioner to have the right to administer tokens)
Power of the individual- high, the individual helps to decide the reward and what desirable behavs are.
Low, reliant on the other person to actually give a reward which is why TEPs struggles in a non-institutionalised setting.
Justifiable or not? Yes- it helps the individual within an institutional setting. They know what they’ve signed up for as they’ve helped to plan it.
Drug treatments- Sz, AN
How/why is it used? Used to manage a particular behaviour or to manage symptoms. It has a purpose to help people.
> Keep it general, can be used for AN-SSRIs, Sz etc
Power of the therapist/ Ethical issues- expert power (need to be medical expert etc to administer drugs) and legitimate power (has to be in med field etc, but if practitioner is focused on a particular treatment then indiv may feel like they have no other options).Informational power- may not tell indivs of full side effects of drugs/ indiv may be uncomfortable with taking drugs due to worsening their condition eg those w AN may get worsening symptoms eg anxiety due to weight gain, Coercive power (eg clinical if dont follow, then may be institutionalised- eg Rosenhan 1973), meds may be given as a convenience of staff eg sedation to make jobs easier in hsopitalisation,
development of drugs eg animal testing= unethical
Power of the individual- low, patients with Sz don’t get a choice- either take drug therapy or hospitalisation. But also high, have many options of treatment plans, get choice to attend treatment sessions can choose to not take meds altogether
Practical issues
- less time consuming than ACT, hospitalisation
- Side effects eg. depression, weight gain (AN- even if this is aim of treatment, may be stressful for AN sufferer), tardive dyskinesia Sz
> AO3-Hill tardive dysk 75& irreversible in most cases
- Cure/ control? Antipsychs (Sz) have to be administered long-term to keep Sz under control, Sz is incurable- only treats the symptoms not the cause of Sz, so if they stop symptoms will return - indivs may not want to commit long term/ may forget
An- difficult to comply, may pretend to take meds and dispose of them eg flush down toilet
Justifiable? Yes, focus must be on helping the person not benefitting society, and not forcing them to comply to the drug treatment plan
AO1
Systematic desensitisation
How/why used? Gradually exposing the individual to their fear in order to replace the fear response with relaxation
Power of the therapist- legitimate power (has to be viewed as auth fig to get indiv willing to undergo anxiety hierarchy & com bat their fear), referent power (practitioner may be viewed as desireable/ admirable for not having the phobia)
Power of the individual- patients have control over the creation of the hierarchy and how fast they move from stage to stage
Justifiable? This treatment gives the individual the skills to help them to cope in everyday life so it is a good treatment.
Cog- Baddeley
Soc- Sherif
AO1-Aim- To investigate how in-group behav developed to incl out-group hostility to understand prejudice. Investigate how this friction can be reduced
AO3-
> S, Good, regulates behav and eradicate prej from society
AO1- Findings-
Bio-Raine
AO1- Procedure/ FDG injection- injected 30 secs before 32 min PET scan & CPT task
AO3- Unethical, invasive for ppts & decr protection from harm & incr distress
> Power of indiv- coercive, bad use fo social control, if ppts didn’t agree then couldve been removed from study and sent back to prison (for NGRI sample), mayve felt like there was no alternative
Power of therapist- expert, good use of social control, researchers in medical field so had knowledge to administer safely
AO1- Findings- diffs in PFC (decision making, impulse, personality) between NGRI & non-murderers.
AO3- High int V due to objective , quantitative findings from glucose metabolism lvls, incr c& e so application for society, can help us identify those at risk of violence
> BUT bad use of social control, can lead to using NGRI as a scapegoat for lesser sentencing
AO1-
LT-W&R(1920)
AO1-Aims- Can we acquire phobias via CC? Concluded yes, to do w social cntrl, can be used to unlearn phobias
AO3- But sample= small, low G
> Bad use of social control
» Power of expert- bad, unethical- legitimate power: gave themselves the right to condition phobias and actively cause distress to ppt
AO1- LA did acquire phobia of white fluffy stimuli
AO3- S, application of unlearning phobias eg systematic desensitisation
> Power of indiv- good, can allow them to remove phobia
Power of expert- expert power> good, only those in therapy/ med/ social care fields can administer treatments so have expert knowledge to carry out ethically- good use of social control
C/A Coercive power- if psychiatrist decides to choose specific treatment eg flooding, then indiv may feel like they have no other choice but to complete this treatment or continue to suffer w phobia- distressing/ decr protection from harm
Application- can be used to treat phobias but also in advertising to encourage consumerism behavs eg association of NS (car) w attractive fem (UCS)- Using CC. If we can unlearn phobias we can perhaps adapt to unlearn addictions eg subtance abuse, shopping addiction –> aversion therapy
> Good use of social control, power to indiv as it allows indiv to unlearn addictions and phobias via CC due to findings of W&R
Clin- Rosenhan
Positive soc cntrl
> Highlights impacts of labelling
AO1- Aim- if psychiatrists can reliably tell diff btwn insane v sane
> Type one error, misdiagnosed all 8 pseudos w Sz despite all being healthy
AO3- Expert power, bad social control- weren’t qualified enough legitimate power- not able to distinguish between sane / insane- also symptoms werent related to Sz
AO1- Labelled ‘abnormal’
AO3- Bad social control, indiv wont be treated respectfully in society eg being unemployed, legitimate power- abuse of practitioner’s position as they’re misusing their right to diagnose patients
AO1- Weren’t discharged until they admitted they were insane
AO3- Bad form of social control: coercive power- pseudos may feel like have no other choice otherwise they remain institutionalised
legitimate power- bad, practitioner abusing their position of being able to give commands of forcing pseudos to label themselves and detaining pseudos
AO1- Covert pp observation- psychiatrists n nurses were unware of study, 4% stopped to talk to pseudos, 71& of psychiatrists walked on past patients, patients had no privacy eg lack of privacy.
AO3- SO more likely to act naturally, decr DCs SO
AO3- Bad form of soc cntrl, expert power- psychiatrists abused their power of position in med field due to lack of care of patients
Legitimate power- psychiatrists n nurses abused their position of giving demands eg taking unnecessary meds, 2000 meds disposed of by patients, patients had no privacy
