Basal Ganglia

Question 1

Define basal ganglia

Answer 1

Collection of grey matter nuclei located deep within the white matter of the cerebral hemispheres

Question 2

Components of basal ganglia

Answer 2

Caudate nucleus
Putamen
Globes pallidus (externus and internus)
Subthalamic nucleus
Substantial nigra

Question 3

What makes up the striatum

Answer 3

Caudate nucleus
Putamen

Question 4

Functions of basal ganglia

Answer 4

Inhibits or facilitates voluntary movements
Determines speed / size of movements
Decreases / regulates muscle tone

Question 5

What tract is involved with the basal ganglia

Answer 5

Pyramidal tract

Question 6

What is an excitatory neurotransmitter

Answer 6

Glutamate

Question 7

What is an inhibitory neurotransmitter

Answer 7

GABA

Question 8

What’s the mnemonic for the direct pathway

Answer 8

MSIT

Question 9

Whats the sentence mnemonic for the direct pathway

Answer 9

Comes straight into thalamus

Question 10

What is the contents and order of the direct pathway

Answer 10

Motor cortex
Striatum
Internus (globus pallidus)
Thalamus

Question 11

In the direct pathway, where does glutamate work

Answer 11

From motor cortex to the striatum
From the thalamus loops back to the motor cortex

Question 12

In the direct pathway where does GABA work

Answer 12

From the striatum to the internus globus pallidus then straight to the thalamus

Question 13

True or false - the direct pathway turns ON the thing that causes inhibition

Answer 13

FALSE - it turns it off

Question 14

Does the direct pathway turn on or off the motor cortex

Answer 14

On

Question 15

Function of the indirect pathway

Answer 15

Terminates motor activity (movement)

Question 16

What is the mnemonic for the indirect pathway

Answer 16

MS (EN) IT

Question 17

What is the sentence mnemonic for the indirect pathway

Answer 17

Comes straight, exits, (then) sidesteps into thalamus

Question 18

What are the contents and order of the indirect pathway

Answer 18

Motor cortex
Striatum
Externus (globus pallidus)
Nucleus (subthalamic)
Internus (globus pallidus)
Thalamus

Question 19

In the indirect pathway, where does glutamate work

Answer 19

From the motor cortex to the striatum
From the subthalamic nucleus to the internus globus pallidus
From the thalamus loops back to the motor cortex

Question 20

In in the indirect pathway, where does GABA work

Answer 20

From the striatum to the externus globus pallidus to the subthalamic nucleus
From the globus pallidus internus to the thalamus

Question 21

true or false the indirect pathway turns ON the thing that causes inhibition

Answer 21

true

Question 22

true or false, the indirect pathway turns on the motor cortex

Answer 22

false, it turns it off