Option C.4

Question 1

C.4.1 Compare type 1 and type 2 diabetes

Answer 1

Similarities:
both forms represent an imbalance of insulin ✔

both can be treated with insulin ✔

Differences:
type 1 is characterised by the destruction of insulin producing cells of the pancreas whereas type 2 is a disease of insulin resistance ✔

type 1 usually manifests in young people whereas type 2 is usually diagnosed in older adults ✔

type 1 is often treated with insulin injections/pump whereas type 2 is often treated through dietary modification/exercise modification ✔

type 1 is often associated with higher normal ketone levels and not associated with excess body weight whereas type 2 is associated with hypertension and/or high cholesterol levels and excess body weight ✔both can cause death or hyperglycemia

Question 2

C.4.2 Discuss the major risk factors for type 2 diabetes

Answer 2

obesity eg, often linked with high fat diet✔

physical inactivity eg, often linked with obesity✔

diet high in saturated fat eg, often linked with obesity✔

family history eg, there is a genetic predisposition to type 2 diabetes✔

high prevalence in some ethnic groups eg, Pima Indians living in southern Arizona and those of South Asian decent eg, India, Bangladesh, Pakistan✔

Question 3

C.4.3 outline the health risks of diabetes

Answer 3

blindness;

kidney disease;

nerve damage / amputation;

cardiovascular disease / amputation;

Question 4

What is Adult Onset Diabetes

Answer 4

emerged in children - environmental factors - poor diet , - low levels of physical activity